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  3. Many people are concerned about the economic condition of developing countries—countries whose average per capita GNP is a fract

Many people are concerned about the economic condition of developing countries—countries whose average per capita GNP is a fract

admin2009-04-26  51
问题     Many people are concerned about the economic condition of developing countries—countries whose average per capita GNP is a fraction of that in more industrialized countries. However, for the developing countries, there exist many obstacles to their economic development.
    One major obstacle to economic development is population growth. (46)The populations of most developing countries grow at a rate much faster than those of industrialized countries, and the population of some of them is so large that there is barely enough fertile land and other resources to support it. Many less developed countries depend extensively on agriculture, adding to the problem. In these countries, an incentive to have many children exists. (47)Most farms are worked by families, and children can work in the fields at an early age because most farmers believe that more children means more workers. In addition, having many children ensures the parents that someone will look after them in their old age.
    Another problem for developing countries is increasing average life expectancy—the average remaining lifetime for persons who reach a certain age. Better education, international aid, and emphasis on health-care facilities help people live longer. A high life expectancy coupled with a high crude birthrate makes it difficult to increase per capita GNP.
    Another obstacle to economic growth is limited natural resources. No country can develop beyond its resource potential. Unproductive land or a harsh climate can limit economic growth. (48)Some countries may be fortunate enough to discover a valuable mineral to finance their economic development, but most focus on agriculture and, as a result, their economic growth is hindered by the shortage of natural resources or energy sources needed for industry.
    Still another obstacle to economic development is a lack of appropriate education and technology. Any developing countries do not have a highly literate population or the high level of technical skills needed to build an industrial society. In addition, most do not have money to train engineers and scientists. (49)Many developing countries cannot even afford to provide free public education for school-age children, and in those that can, not every child is able to take advantage of it because most of them have to work to help feed their families. As a result, much of the population may not have the basic skills needed to continue with higher education when it is offered.
    Government also can be an obstacle to economic development. A country whose government often changes will have a hard time developing economically. Such constant changes impede long-term planning. (50)Economic development is made even more difficult if the political changes occur through violent revolution where industrial facilities may be destroyed.

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答案许多发展中国家甚至无法为适龄孩子提供免费的公共教育，在那些有能力提供免费公共教育的国家，也不是每一个孩子都能够利用这—条件去读书，因为多数孩子必需干活以帮助维持家庭的生计。
解析 这个句子结构比较复杂，包括意义相关的两个独立句子，后者还包含一个原因状语从句。首先，应该注意这个句子中的代词those，it，以及情态动词can。这里的those指代第一个句子中的主语countries，情态动词can省略了实意动词afford，代词it指代第一个句子中的free public education，因此，翻译时需要还原those的指代countries，实意动词afford，部分地还原it的指代free public education；第二，注意理解第三个句子中的动词feed的含义。Feed字面义表示"喂养"，这里应该根据其引申义而翻译为"维持生计"。考查点：意义相关的多个独立句子的翻译；代词的理解和翻译；省略成分的补充。
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