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  3. In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,

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问题     In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music and by psychologists and "human-relation" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets(木偶)who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
    The workers and employees are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realties of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
    Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again- by psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etC. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitors creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
    Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to the 19th-century "free-enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason- are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as a means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
Those who are on the higher social ladder would feel more peaceful and secure if they could______.
选项 A、get higher salary and more self-respect
B、have more chance to be further promoted
C、prove better than their fellow-competitors
D、keep far away from this competitive world
答案D
解析 如果上流社会的人能避开这个竞争激烈的世界，他们就会觉得更加安宁和安全。根据第三段，上流社会的人同样感到焦虑，他们的生活像下属一样空虚，在某些方面更没有保障。他们参与了竞争激烈的比赛，被提拔或得不到提拔不是薪水的问题而是自尊的问题。他们申请第一份工作时，不仅在智力方面受到考验，而且在恰当地表现顺从和独立两个方面受到考验。需要长期地证明，一个人和他的竞争伙伴一样好或更好便造成了持续的焦虑和压力，它们恰好是不幸和疾病的原因。
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