家庭是社会的基本单位,它的结构随着社会的发展而变化。在中国几千年的封建社会里,自给自足的(self- sufficient)经济占主导地位,家庭不仅是日常生活的基本单位,也是生产的基本单位。那时,理想的、令人羡慕的家庭是五世同堂,家里的大事由男人做主。

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问题   家庭是社会的基本单位,它的结构随着社会的发展而变化。在中国几千年的封建社会里,自给自足的(self- sufficient)经济占主导地位,家庭不仅是日常生活的基本单位,也是生产的基本单位。那时,理想的、令人羡慕的家庭是五世同堂,家里的大事由男人做主。近百年来,中国发生了巨大的变化,经过漫长的封建社会进入了社会主义社会。这具有历史意义的变化使中国家庭的结构也改变了。人口众多的大家庭开始分解成较小的家庭和直系家庭(stem family),总的趋势是出现了越来越多的核心家庭。

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答案  The structure of the family, which is the basic unit of the society, changes along with the development of the society. In China’s feudal society which lasted several thousand years, a self-sufficient economy predominated. The family was not only the basic unit in everyday life, but also the basic unit of production. At that time, an ideal and admirable family consisted of five generations, with the male members making the important decisions. During the last hundred years, great changes have taken place in China. China had gone through the long feudal period and turned into a socialist society. This historic change has led to changes in the Chinese family structure. Extended families consisting of many family members begin to be divided into smaller families and stem families, with the general trend pointing toward the emergence of more and more nuclear families.

解析       1.第一句看起来简单,但在翻译之前要理清句子的逻辑结构。前半句介绍家庭在社会中的地位,但统观全篇,全文讲的是家庭结构的变化,所以显然后半句是重点。参考译文中,用The structure of the family作主语,并将原文的前半句巧妙地处理为定语从句,起到解释说明的作用。这样,通过句子的结构就很鲜明地突出了句子的重点。
      2.第二句较长,译为一句会使句子结构显得很臃肿,所以参考译文中采取了拆译法,根据意群将句子译为两句。“占主导地位”可用predominated来表达,既准确又简洁。
      3.第三句中,“五世同堂”可采用意译法,翻译为consisted of five generations即可。
      4.最后一句中,后半句并非句子的重点,而是对前半句的一个概括表述,所以参考译文中没有把它翻译为句子的主干,而是用介词短语的形式将其表达出来,使句子主次分明,重点突出。
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