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  3. To function well in the world, people need a good sense of where their body is in space and how it’s postured. This "position se

To function well in the world, people need a good sense of where their body is in space and how it’s postured. This "position se

admin2022-11-25  44
问题     To function well in the world, people need a good sense of where their body is in space and how it’s postured. This "position sense" helps us coordinate high-fives, boot a soccer ball or pick up the remote. But that doesn’t seem to mean that our brains have an accurate sense of our body’s precise proportions. A new study found that people tend to have rather inaccurate mental models of their own hands.
    When asked to estimate where the fingertips and finger joints of their hidden hands were, study volunteers were way off. But they were all incorrect in the same directions, guessing that their hands were both shorter and wider than they actually were. The findings come from a study led by Matthew Longo of the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London. "Our results show dramatic distortions of hand shape, which were highly consistent across participants," Longo said in a prepared statement.
    He and his co-author, Patrick Haggard, had subjects place their left hand on a platform (using different orientations in different groups), which was then covered with a board to obscure the hand. The subjects were asked to use their free right hand point with a stick to the location of each finger joint and fingertip of their left hand. The process was filmed and compared to before and after pictures of the hand. On average, the volunteers judged their hands to be 27.9 percent shorter and 69 percent wider than they were measure to be. Underestimation of each finger length, from the thumb to the little finger, increased by about 7 percent in each finger, rendering the little finger quite a bit littler than it really was.
    This trend "mirrors similar grades of decreasing sensory acuteness," the authors pointed out, and the results seem to back up models of the human body constructed from the amount of sensory cortex dedicated to various body parts. In these models the hands and face are disproportionately large in comparison to most of the body. But Longo and Haggard are still not sure why the brain has such a distorted perception of our hand proportions.
    Longo speculated that these disproportions might occur in other parts of the body as well. "These findings may well be relevant to psychiatric conditions involving body image such as anorexia nervosa, as there may be a general bias toward perceiving the body to be wider than it is," Longo said. "Our healthy participants had a basically accurate visual image of their own body, but the brain’s model of the hand underling position sense was highly distorted. This distorted perception could come to dominate in some people, leading to distortions of body image."
According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is true of Longo’s study?
选项 A、Underestimations of thumbs are less than those of little fingers.
B、Participants point the location of left hands with right hands.
C、Subjects of different groups place hands in the same direction.
D、Participants estimate the length of the little finger accurately.
答案A
解析 第三段具体介绍了隆戈的研究。其中第一句至第三句描述研究的过程，第四五句讲述研究的结果。最后一句说低估率从大拇指到小指每个增加7％左右(increased by…in each finger)，A项“对大拇指的低估率要比小指小”符合文意，故为答案。根据B项提到的左右手可定位到第三段的前三句，其中第二句提到研究者要求参与者用自由的右手拿一根棒指出左手每个指关节和指尖的位置，B项用with right hands偷换了原文中的with a stick，关于指向的位置也说得比较笼统，故B项可排除。C项中的in the same direction与第一句括号内的different orientations不符。最后一句中的rendering…讲到，对小指长度的估计要比实际情况小很多，D项与文中意思相反。
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