首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1) "Like Florence in the Renaissance. " That is a common description of what it is like to live in Silicon Valley. America’s
(1) "Like Florence in the Renaissance. " That is a common description of what it is like to live in Silicon Valley. America’s
admin
2021-11-24
26
问题
(1) "Like Florence in the Renaissance. " That is a common description of what it is like to live in Silicon Valley. America’s technology capital has an outsize influence on the world’s economy, stockmarkets and culture. This small portion of land running from San Jose to San Francisco is home to three of the world’s five most valuable companies. Giants such as Apple, Facebook, Google and Netflix all claim Silicon Valley as their birthplace and home, as do trailblazers (先驱) such as Airbnb, Tesla and Uber. The Bay Area has the 19th-largest economy in the world, ranking above Switzerland and Saudi Arabia.
(2) The Valley is not just a place. It is also an idea. Ever since Bill Hewlett and David Packard set up in a garage nearly 80 years ago, it has been a byword (代名词) for innovation and ingenuity. It has been at the centre of several cycles of Schumpeterian (熊彼特的) destruction and regeneration, in silicon chips, personal computers, software and internet services. Some of its inventions have been ludicrous: internet-connected teapots, or an app that sold people coins to use at laundromats (自助洗衣店). But others are world-beaters: microprocessor chips, databases and smartphones all trace their lineage to the Valley.
(3) Its combination of engineering expertise, thriving business networks, deep pools of capital, strong universities and a risk-taking culture have made the Valley impossible to clone, despite many attempts to do so. There is no credible rival for its position as the world’s pre-eminent innovation hub. But there are signs that the Valley’s influence is peaking. If that were simply a symptom of much greater innovation elsewhere, it would be cause for cheer. The truth is unhappier.
(4) First, the evidence that something is changing. Last year more Americans left the county of San Francisco than arrived. According to a recent survey, 46% of respondents say they plan to leave the Bay Area in the next few years, up from 34% in 2016. So many startups (初创公司) are branching out into new places that the trend has a name, "Off Silicon Valleying". Peter Thiel, perhaps the Valley’s most high-profile (知名度高 的) venture capitalist, is among those upping sticks. Those who stay have broader horizons; in 2013 Silicon Valley investors put half their money into startups outside the Bay Area; now it is closer to two-thirds.
(5) The reasons for this shift are manifold, but chief among them is the sheer expense of the Valley. The cost of living is among the highest in the world. One founder reckons young startups pay at least four times more to operate in the Bay Area than in most other American cities. New technologies, from quantum computing to synthetic biology, offer lower margins than internet services, making it more important for startups in these emerging fields to husband their cash. All this is before taking into account the nastier features of Bay Area life: clogged traffic, discarded syringes (注射器) and shocking inequality.
(6) Other cities are rising in relative importance as a result. The Kauffman Foundation, a non-profit group that tracks entrepreneurship, now ranks the Miami-Fort Lauderdale area first for startup activity in America, based on the density of startups and new entrepreneurs. Mr Thiel is moving to Los Angeles, which has a vibrant tech scene. Phoenix and Pittsburgh have become hubs for autonomous vehicles; New York for media startups; London for fintech; Shenzhen for hardware. None of these places can match the Valley on its own; between them, they point to a world in which innovation is more distributed.
(7) If great ideas can bubble up in more places, that has to be welcome. There are some reasons to think the playing-field for innovation is indeed being levelled up. Capital is becoming more widely available to bright sparks everywhere; tech investors increasingly trawl the world, not just California, for hot ideas. There is less reason than ever for a single region to be the epicentre of technology. Thanks to the tools that the Valley’s own firms have produced, from smartphones to video calls to messaging apps, teams can work effectively from different offices and places. A more even distribution of wealth may be one result, greater diversity of thought another. The Valley does many things remarkably well, but it comes dangerously close to being a monoculture of white male nerds. Companies founded by women received just 2% of the funding doled out by venture capitalists last year.
(8) The problem is that the wider playing-field for innovation is also being levelled down. One issue is the dominance of the tech giants. Startups, particularly those in the consumer-internet business, increasingly struggle to attract capital in the shadow of Alphabet, Apple, Facebook et al. In 2017 the number of first financing rounds in America was down by around 22% from 2012. Alphabet and Facebook pay their employees so generously that startups can struggle to attract talent (the median salary at Facebook is $240,000). When the chances of startup success are even less certain and the payoffs not so very different from a steady job at one of the giants, dynamism suffers—and not just in the Valley. It is a similar story in China, where Alibaba, Baidu and Tencent are responsible for close to half of all domestic venture-capital investment, giving the giants a big say in the future of potential rivals.
(9) The second way in which innovation is being levelled down is by increasingly unfriendly policies in the West. Rising anti-immigrant sentiment and tighter visa regimes of the sort introduced by President Donald Trump have economy-wide effects; foreign entrepreneurs create around 25% of new companies in America. Silicon Valley first bloomed, in large part, because of government largesse (慷慨解囊). But state spending on public universities throughout America and Europe has fallen since the financial crisis of 2007 -2008. Funding for basic research is inadequate—America’s federal-government spending on R&D was 0.6% of GDP in 2015, a third of what it was in 1964—and heading in the wrong direction.
(10) If Silicon Valley’s relative decline heralded the rise of a global web of thriving, rival tech hubs, that would be worth celebrating. Unfortunately, the Valley’s peak looks more like a warning that innovation everywhere is becoming harder.
What does the author mean by saying " The truth is unhappier. " (Para. 3) ?
选项
A、It’s impossible to clone the success of Silicon Valley.
B、No one has emerged to challenge the position of the Valley.
C、Silicon Valley’s influence has not reached the top.
D、Peak Valley isn’t merely caused by greater innovation elsewhere.
答案
D
解析
语义理解题。根据题干定位至第三段。该段最后一句提到“The truth is unhappier.”,这句话原本指“真相令人担忧”。而前两句指出,有迹象表明,硅谷的影响力正在触顶。如果这仅仅是其他地方出现更伟大创新的征兆,那将是一件值得欢呼的事。由此可知,该句是指硅谷的影响力正在触顶并不仅仅是因为其他地方出现更伟大的创新,下面几段也进一步解释了硅谷处于停滞期的原因,故D为答案。该段第一句虽然提到了硅谷无法被复制,但原文是在解释其成功的原因,而这并非令人担忧的真相,故排除A;第二句提到,还没有可靠的对手能撼动它作为世界杰出创新中心的地位,这是在说明硅谷在全球的地位至今无人能敌,原文也未表明这是令人担忧的真相,故排除B;第三句提到,有迹象表明,硅谷的影响力正在触顶,而不是还未触顶,选项C与原文表述不符,故排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/SUkMFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Duringtheearlyyearsofthiscentury,wheatwasseenastheverylifebloodofWesternCanadaPeopleoncitystreetswatchedt
PASSAGEFOURWhydidChopinlikeplayinginprivatesettings?
CharacteristicsqfAmericanCultureI.PunctualityA.Goingtothetheater:be【T1】______twentyminutesprior【T1】______B.
由小学到中学,所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年,所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”,这名称易滋误解,好像过此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在,在这里做学问也只能算是初涉藩篱,注重的是研究学问的方法与实
(1)AcoupleofyearsagoagroupofmanagementscholarsfromYaleandtheUniversityofPittsburghtriedtodiscoveriftherewa
A、Sheiseagertoovercomechallenges..B、Sheisunfriendlytohercolleagues.C、Sheiscapableenoughtopassthetest.D、Shei
A、Itincludesallthecompensationforloss.B、Itincludesacertificateofposting.C、Itisperfectforsendingdocumentsofmi
A、Music.B、Sportgames.C、Interests.D、Socialchanges.A在访谈结束时,主持人说到,下一次节目我们会谈论美国的艺术、写作和建筑。A项的内容符合艺术范畴,故为答案。其他选项在此次节目中已被谈论。
InChina,whereseveralgenerationsoncesharedthesamedwelling,adultchildrenusuallylivewithparentsuntiltheymarry.Do
在旧书铺里买回来一本旧书,信手翻开,就看见有趣的一条。它说,在法语里,喜乐(bonheur)一个名词是“好”和“钟点”两字拼成,可见好事多磨,只是个把钟头的玩意儿。我们联想到我们本国话的说法,也同样的意味深永,譬如快活或快乐的快字,就把人生一切乐事的飘瞥难
随机试题
在新民主主义社会中,主要的经济成分是三种:________、________和________。
HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe______aChinese.
局麻药中毒出现惊厥时,首选的止惊药是
学龄儿童少尿标准为
男,60岁,近3天夜间行为紊乱,说房间地板上有老鼠、蛇,能看见死人,表情恐怖、紧张,不认识家人,白天较安静,喜卧床,不能回忆夜间行为,能认识家人,头部CT示:顶枕叶片状梗死灶,考虑患者处于
宋某到某商店购买了一双男式皮鞋,回家后发现皮鞋存在一定的质量问题,于是回到商店要求退货。商店营业员以店堂告示明确规定商品售出只能调换不能退货为由拒绝了宋某的要求,而宋某则称并未看到此店堂告示。对此分析正确的是:
对一个行业市场结构分类的主要依据有( )。
选题策划的基本步骤不包括()。
根据上述资料,下列说法不正确的是:如果2003年相对于2002年的企业出口额增长率等于年均增长率,则2002年合资和独资企业的出口额是国有企业的倍数为:
关于P2P网络的描述中,正确的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)