首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
One thing that distinguishes the online world from the real one is that it is very easy to find things. To find a copy of The Ec
One thing that distinguishes the online world from the real one is that it is very easy to find things. To find a copy of The Ec
admin
2011-02-11
35
问题
One thing that distinguishes the online world from the real one is that it is very easy to find things. To find a copy of The Economist in print, one has to go to a news-stand, which may or may not carry it. Finding it online, though, is a different proposition. Just go to Google, type in "economist" and you will be instantly directed to economist.com. Though it is difficult to remember now, this was not always the case. Indeed, until Google, now the world’s most popular search engine, came on to the scene in September 1998, it was not the case at all. As in the physical world, searching online was a hit-or-miss affair.
Google was vastly better than anything that had come before: so much better, in fact, that it changed the way many people use the web. Almost overnight, it made the web far more useful, particularly for nonspecialist users, many of whom now regard Google as the internet’s front door. The recent fuss over Google’s stock market flotation obscures its far wider social significance: few technologies, after all, are so influential that their names become used as verbs.
Google began in 1998 as an academic research project by Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page, who were then graduate students at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It was not the first search engine, of course. Existing search engines were able to scan or "crawl" a large portion of the web, build an index, and then find pages that matched particular words. But they were less good at presenting those pages, which might number in the hundreds of thousands, in a useful way.
Mr Brin’s and Mr Page’s accomplishment was to devise a way to sort the results by determining which pages were likely to be most relevant. They did so using a mathematical recipe, or algorithm, called PageRank. This algorithm is at the heart of Google’s success, distinguishing it from all previous search engines and accounting for its apparently magical ability to find the most useful web pages.
Untangling the web
PageRank works by analysing the structure of the web itself. Each of its billions of pages can link to other pages, and can also, in turn, be linked to. Mr Brin and Mr Page reasoned that if a page was linked to many other pages, it was likely to be important. Furthermore, if the pages that linked to a page were important, then that page was even more likely to be important. There is, of course, an inherent circularity to this formula--the importance of one page depends on the importance of pages that link to it, the importance of which depends in turn on the importance of pages that link to them. But using some mathematical tricks, this circularity can be resolved, and each page can be given a score that reflects its importance.
The simplest way to calculate the score for each page is to perform a repeating or "iterative" calculation (see article). To start with, all pages are given the same score. Then each link from one page to another is counted as a "vote" for the destination page. Each page’s score is recalculated by adding up the contribution from each incoming link, which is simply the score of the linking page divided by the number of outgoing links on that page. (Each page’s score is thus shared out among the pages it links to.)
Once all the scores have been recalculated, the process is repeated using the new scores, until the scores settle down and stop changing (in mathematical jargon, the calculation "converges"). The final scores can then be used to rank search results: pages that match a particular-set of search terms are displayed in order of descending score, so that the page deemed most important appears at the top of the list.
We can infer from the 1st paragragh that by "hit-or-miss" it is meant ______.
选项
A、before Google, searching online was impossible
B、before Google, searching online lacked accuracy
C、before Google, searching online was difficult
D、Google is easy to use
答案
B
解析
hit-or-miss(Marked by a lack of care,accuracy, or organization;random.)意思是缺乏精确度,没有规律,不够严密,用来形容Google出现之前网络搜索的实际情况。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/S7uYFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
DreamFunctionsDreamingisacommonphenomenon.Practicallyallpeopledream,althoughwhethertheycan【1】______themisa
Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.Thefirstisthebroadareaofcommunication,wh
Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresult,officialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocus
SevenTypesofEvidenceItisimportanttolearntouseevidenceinargumentativewriting,becausewithoutevidence,youcan
A、therecordingindustryandon-linerecordcompaniesB、’therecordingindustryanddownloading-programoperatorsC、EMIandon-l
PaulaJones’caseagainstBillClintonisnow,forallpossiblepoliticalconsequencesandcapacityformediasensation,afairy
Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccomplishedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialres
Toseehowbigcarrierscouldcontroltheonlineworld,youmustunderstanditsstructures.EarthlinkgivesJenniferaccesstot
Whatmakesforasuccessfulinvasion?Often,theansweristohavebetterweaponsthantheenemy.And,asitiswithpeople,so
随机试题
按辩证法的全面性要求办事,对我们有哪些要求?
患儿,8岁,男。4周前曾患脓疱疮,3日来眼睑浮肿。尿少,有肉眼血尿,咽部不充血,心脏无异常,未触及肝脾,血压20/14.7kPa(150/110mmHg)。尿:蛋白(+),有大量红细胞,少数白细胞。血常规:红细胞及血红蛋白轻度下降,抗链球菌溶血素“O”50
下列哪一项属于牙周疾病一级预防措施
对不适合做水压试验的容器,如容器内不允许有微量残留液体,或由于结构原因不能充满水的容器,可用()代替水压试验。
私募股权投资的盈利过程中,基金将充分利用自身战略、管理、财务等优势,优化企业管理,最大限度地提升企业价值。这属于()。
个人汽车贷款中对经审批同意的贷款,应及时通知借款申请人以及其他相关人(包括抵押人和出质人等),确认签约的时间,签署()和相关担保合同。
下列不属于零售企业物流的是()。
张某和王某是邻居,在一起行政案件的执行中,人民法院执行人员误将案外人员王某的一间房屋当作被执行人张某的房屋强行拆毁。王某提出赔偿请求,该损失应由谁赔偿?()
A、 B、 C、 C句子是询问艾伯特先生为什么雇用新秘书的Why疑问句。
A、Shegenerallydoesn’tallowpeopletoborrowit.B、Sheistryingtosellit.C、Sheboughtitfromafriend.D、Ithasbrokendo
最新回复
(
0
)