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  3. Certain functions must be performed in every city.【F1】Law and order must be maintained; there must be some regulation of buildin

Certain functions must be performed in every city.【F1】Law and order must be maintained; there must be some regulation of buildin

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问题     Certain functions must be performed in every city.【F1】Law and order must be maintained; there must be some regulation of building to ensure a minimum of safety and to ensure that houses or workshops are not constructed on public land or in improper places; there must be regular methods of preventing, controlling, and extinguishing fires; and there must be regulations and executive action to protect the health of the citizens. The services now provided by city governments are different in nature and wider in scope than in the past.【F2】Generalization is impossible, but the most widespread functions today are the environmental and personal health services, including clinics and hospitals; primary, secondary, and further education; water supply, sewage, refuse collection and disposal; construction, maintenance, and lighting of streets; public housing; welfare services for the old, destitute, physically and mentally handicapped, orphans and abandoned children, unemployed and disabled workers, and other categories needing help; cemeteries and crematoriums; markets and abattoirs. The traditional services have been transformed beyond recognition.
    【F3】A group of public-utility services comprising the supply of gas, electricity, water, and public transport are frequently provided by the city government itself, by a public corporation closely connected with it, or by a commercial company operating under a concession granted by the municipality. In some countries, municipal enterprise in the public utility field has been supplanted by larger regional or national schemes.
    A city council inevitably takes an interest in the economic well-being of the city that it governs. Every city government wishes to assist industry and promote trade, but there are great differences in the role assigned to local authorities in this respect in different countries. In the former Communist regimes of eastern Europe, nearly the whole of local trade and much local industry was directly or indirectly under the control of the city government. On the other hand, in the United States a city government can control local industry only by means of zoning regulations, restrictions imposed under public health legislation, and so forth.【F4】In any case, municipal governments can do much to assist industry and commerce by good planning and physical development, by providing for trade fairs and exhibition centres, and by designing and developing roads, public housing, schools, and other municipal services to meet the needs of employers and employees.
    【F5】The attraction of tourists also has become an almost universal goal of every city that has the slightest pretension to be of interest to visitors, and here too the municipality can do much to attract tourists by providing not only publicity and information but also convenient and agreeable facilities.
【F2】
选项
答案虽然不可能作出总的概括，但是，如今的城市普遍具有以下功能：环境和个人健康方面的服务，其中包括诊所和医院；初级、中级和更高级别的教育；供水、排污、收集和处理垃圾；街道的建设、维修和照明；提供公共住房；为老人、穷人、身心残疾病人，孤儿和被抛弃的儿童，失业者和丧失工作能力的人，以及其他各类需要帮助的人办的各种福利服务；公墓和火葬场；市场和屠宰场等。
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