首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Darwin and His Theory Darwin was born in 1809 as the son of a physician. He earlier planned to become a 【1】______ in the Chur
Darwin and His Theory Darwin was born in 1809 as the son of a physician. He earlier planned to become a 【1】______ in the Chur
admin
2010-02-20
25
问题
Darwin and His Theory
Darwin was born in 1809 as the son of a physician. He earlier planned to become a 【1】______ in the Church of England. Later he accepted an invitation to serve as an unpaid naturalist on the H.M.S. Beagle, and joined in the 【2】______ scientific expedition to the Pacific coast of South America in 1831 The book On the Origin of Species was published in 1859 and aroused a storm of 【3】______ He continued to write and publish his works on biology throughout his life. He died on1882 and lies buried in Westminster Abbey.
Darwin’s general theory presumes the development of life from non-life and stresses a purely naturalistic "descent with 【4】______ ", the result of which is an entirely different organism.
What Darwin brought to the old philosophy of evolution is a new mechanism called "natural selection". It acts to pre serve and 【5】______ minor advantageous genetic mutations. It is the preservation of a 【6】______ advantage that enables a species to compete better in the wild. Similarly, it 【7】______ inferior species gradually over time.
Darwin’s theory of evolution is a slow gradual process. He wrote, "Natural selection acts only by taking advantage of slight 【8】______ variations." An irreducibly complex system is composed of multiple parts, and every individual part is 【9】. The common mousetrap is an common 【10】______ example of irreducible complexity.
【3】
Darwin and His Theory
Good morning, everyone. Today we will discuss something about Charles Darwin’s life and his famous theory of evolu tion.
Charles Darwin was born in 1809 in Shrewsbury, England. His father, Robert Darwin, was a physician, and Charles’s mother died when he was eight years old.
At age sixteen, Darwin left Shrewsbury to study medicine at Edinburgh University. Repelled by the sight of surgery performed without anesthesia, he eventually went to Cambridge University to prepare to become a clergyman in the Church of England. After receiving his degree, Darwin accepted an invitation to serve as an unpaid naturalist on the H. M. S. Beagle, which departed on a five-year scientific expedition to the Pacific coast of South America on31 December, 1831.
Darwin’s research resulting from this voyage formed the basis of his famous book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Published in 1859, the work aroused a storm of controversy. Here Darwin outlined his theory of evolution, challenging the contemporary beliefs about the creation of life on earth.
Darwin continued to write and publish his works on biology throughout his life. He lived with his wife and children at their home in the village of Downe, fifteen miles from London. He suffered from panic disorder, as well as from a disease contracted during his travels in South America in the rest of his life. He died on 19 April, 1882, and lies buried in West minster Abbey.
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is the widely held notion that all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor: the birds and the bananas, the fishes and the flowers -- all related. Darwin’s general theory presumes the development of life from non-life and stresses a purely naturalistic "descent with modification". That is, complex creatures evolve from more simplistic ancestors naturally over time. In a nutshell, as random genetic mutations occur within an organism’s genetic code, the beneficial mutations are preserved because they aid survival -- a process known as "natural selection." These beneficial mutations are passed on to the next generation. Over time, beneficial mutations accumulate and the result is an entirely different organism, not just a variation of the original, but an entirely different creature.
While Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is a relatively young archetype, the evolutionary worldview itself is an old as antiquity. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Anaximander assumed the development of life from non-life and the evolutionary descent of man from animal. Charles Darwin simply brought something new to the old philosophy -- a plausible mechanism called "natural selection."
Natural selection acts to preserve and accumulate minor advantageous genetic mutations. Suppose a member of a species developed a functional advantage, for example, it grew wings and learned to fly. Its offspring would inherit that advantage and pass it on to their offspring. The inferior or disadvantaged members of the same species would gradually die out, leaving only the superior or advantaged members of the species. Natural selection is the preservation of a functional advantage that enables a species to compete better in the wild. Natural selection is the naturalistic equivalent to domestic breeding. Over the centuries, human breeders have produced dramatic changes in domestic animal populations by selecting individuals to breed. Breeders eliminate undesirable traits gradually over time. Similarly, natural selection eliminates inferior species gradually over time.
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is a slow gradual process. Darwin wrote, "Natural selection acts only by taking advantage of slight successive variations; she can never take a great and sudden leap, but must advance by short and sure, though slow steps." Thus, Darwin conceded that, "ff it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down." Such a complex organ would be known as an "irreducibly complex system". An irreducibly complex system is one composed of multiple parts, all of which arc necessary for the system to function. If even one part is missing, the entire sys tem will fail to function. Every individual part is integral. Thus, such a system could not have evolved slowly, piece by piece. Tile common mousetrap is an everyday non-biological example of irreducible complexity. It is composed of five basic parts: a catch ( to hold the bait), a powerful spring, a thin rod called "the hammer," a holding bar to secure the hammer in place, and a platform to mount the trap. If any one of these parts is missing, the mechanism will not work. Each individual part is integral. The mousetrap is irreducibly complex.
And we don’t need a microscope to observe irreducible complexity. The eye, the ear and the heart are all examples of irreducible complexity, though they were not recognized as such in Darwin’s day.
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is a theory in light of the tremendous advances we’ ve made in molecular biology, bio chemistry and genetics over the past fifty years. We now know that there are in fact tens of thousands of irreducibly complex systems on the cellular level~ Specified complexity pervades the microscopic biological world...
选项
答案
controversy
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/QZ4YFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Your
A、Hehasgotlaidofffromhisjob.B、Hehasquithispresentjob.C、Thecompanyhasdecidedtodecreaseproduction.D、Thecompa
Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeople,needatleastsome
A、Ithasseenasteadydeclineinitsprofits.B、Ithasbecomemuchmorecompetitive.C、Ithaslostmanycustomerstoforeignco
Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson’sknowledgeandabilityremain
Thekidsarehangingout.Ipasssmallbandsofstudentsinmywaytoworkthesemornings.Theyhavebecomeafamiliarpartoft
Thekidsarehangingout.Ipasssmallbandsofstudentsinmywaytoworkthesemornings.Theyhavebecomeafamiliarpartoft
Speciesinterdependenceinnatureconfersmanybenefitsonthespeciesinvolved,butitcanalsobecomeapointofweaknesswhen
Governmentbondmarketsaresupposedtobetheaccountantsofthefinancialworld:calm,steadyandrational.Theyarenotsuppo
Whattodonow?SchoolofficialsaroundthecountryareaskingthatquestionfollowingaSupremeCourtdecisionrejectingracial
随机试题
不可抗力是()的客观情况。
权责一致是社会主义法治理念的要求,也是行政法的基本原则。下列做法中是权责一致的直接体现的是()。
监理机构的组织活动效应并不等于机构内单个监理人员工作效应的简单相加,这体现了组织机构活动的()原理。
下列属于著作权中的人身权的是()。
通信企业在对集团客户进行市场细分时,常用的细分标准是()。[2008年真题]
安排学前儿童一日生活时,要注意劳逸结合、动静交替。()
根据以下资料,回答101~105题全国2007年认定登记的技术合同共计220868项,同比增长7%;总成交金额2226亿元,同比增长22.44%;平均每项技术合同成交金额突破百万元大关,达到100.78万元。2007年全国共签订技术开发合同73
2012年3月1日,我国第一部促进自主创新的地方性法规——《()省自主创新促进条例》正式实施。此举开创了我国自主创新立法之先河。
一份地理考试试卷上画了中国五大淡水湖的图形,每个图形都分别进行了编号,要求考生填出其中任意两个淡水湖的名称,结果如下:甲填:3是鄱阳湖,2是太湖乙填:4是洞庭湖,2是巢湖丙填:1是洞庭湖,5是洪泽湖丁填:4是洪泽湖,3是巢湖戊填:2是鄱阳湖,5是太湖结果是
《中国共产党纪律处分条例》规定,党员干部违反有关规定从事营利活动,拥有()的股份或者证券,情节较轻的,给予警告或者严重警告处分;情节较重的,给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分;情节严重的,给予开除党籍处分。
最新回复
(
0
)