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  3. The obvious beauty of symmetry has long been an important consideration to artists and artisans working in the Western tradition

The obvious beauty of symmetry has long been an important consideration to artists and artisans working in the Western tradition

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问题     The obvious beauty of symmetry has long been an important consideration to artists and artisans working in the Western tradition. Indeed, there are few examples in Western culture of major structural works such as gates, religious altars, or kings’ thrones which do not incorporate the principle of symmetry into their design. The theory underlying this practice rests on certain assumptions about human vision. It is assumed that if the eye of the viewer is directed toward some central point in the design, this central point must be the center of visual gravity as well. In other words, the center of the design must be balanced by equal mass on the left and right. It is further assumed that, if the object is not so arranged, there will arise in the viewer a certain visual discomfort and tension of the eye muscles. This tension and discomfort will, of course, limit the potential for esthetic enjoyment and appreciation.
    According to the theories which came into vogue at the time of the Renaissance, vertical symmetry is of less significance than bilateral symmetry. In other words, making an esthetic object, small on the top and large at the bottom is not apt to create a visual tension, at least on the scale of an imbalance between right and left.
    We can see this principle at work in the average gateway arch or cathedral window. There is a wide base with two sides which extend upward. The two sides converge, forming a central design point at the top. This point functions as the center of the design and the center of visual gravity. The artist pays particular attention to the sloping vertical lines. The slope must be exact on both sides. The result of this careful attention is the perfectly formed arch with its two symmetrical shoulders and its central dominating point. It matters little to the artist that the arch design is large at the bottom and increasingly smaller at the top, since he assumes the inherent truth of all Renaissance prescriptions.
Which of the following describes the typical gateway arch?
选项 A、The vertical lines come together at the top.
B、The vertical lines converge in the middle.
C、The base is smaller than the top.
D、The slope of each shoulder is different.
答案A
解析 答案在文章第三段第二、三句：宽大的底部，两端向上延伸，两边倾斜在顶端形成中心点。[A]项的描述与此相符：垂线顶端相交；[B]项说垂线中间会合，这样形成的是叉线；[C]项说底部比顶端小，这不是门廊的形状；[D]项说两边线的斜度不同，这样不符合对称性。
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