At movie preview, reporters are often searched before entering a theatre. If cameras or camcorders are found, security guards ta

In this section, you will hear a short passage. There are 10 missing words or phrases. Fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. The passage will be read twice. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.
    At movie preview, reporters are often searched before entering a theatre. If cameras or camcorders are found, security guards take them until the preview is finished. The guards do this because people might record and share the movie before it is released. They are trying to protect the right of intellectual property(IP).
    Intellectual property is legal ownership of intangible things like music, film, computer programmes, techniques and books. Countries like the United States have a strict system of patents, copyrights and trademark rights. When a person produces something new, they apply for one of these from the government to prove he or she is the owner of the invention and that it is illegal for others to copy it. Patents are needed for new inventions. Copyrights are used for materials like books, music, computer programmes and movies. Trademark rights are used for distinctive signs. You can tell if something is copyrighted or trademarked by looking on the package for a small encircled C or T respectively.
    As international trade increases, problems are arising regarding IP. Some countries have less strict laws for IP than others. In countries like Vietnam, where laws for IP are not very strict, products imported from other countries are often copied and sold for a cheaper price. For example, it is common to find copies of U. S. movies being sold cheaply in these countries. The United States and other countries with strict IP laws want all countries to have strict IP laws so that trade is fair. So, they pressure other countries to strengthen IP laws. For example, before Vietnam could join the World Trade Organisation in 2006, they had to strengthen their IP laws.
    Not everyone believes that laws protecting IP should be followed. Some believe it is wrong for others to have a monopoly on an idea or invention that could serve the public good. For example, some poor countries have many people suffering from diseases but do not have the infrastructure needed to produce drugs to help the patients. Other richer countries have produced the drugs but are selling them at too high a price for the poor countries to afford, which may cause people to die.