首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What Are the Functions of Art? I. Context of functions — Artist Where and when His or her【T1】_____【T1】______ — Viewer
What Are the Functions of Art? I. Context of functions — Artist Where and when His or her【T1】_____【T1】______ — Viewer
admin
2017-12-07
10
问题
What Are the Functions of Art?
I. Context of functions
— Artist
Where and when
His or her【T1】_____【T1】______
— Viewer
What makes sense to you
II. Physical functions
— to perform some【T2】_____【T2】______
— Examples:
【T3】_____【T3】______
Japanese raku bowl
【T4】_____【T4】______
Crafts and industrial design
III. Social functions
— Address aspects of collective life
e.g. public art in 1930s in Germany and allied countries
—【T5】_____【T5】______
not merely to entertain
to【T6】_____【T6】______
to improve our collective existence
— Artistic forms that have social functions
Political art
A【T7】_____ Dada teacup: to protest World War I【T7】______
Art that depicts【T8】_____ conditions【T8】______
Realists and photographers
Satire
To ridicule and to【T9】_____【T9】______
To stop what is happening Fascination with grotesque
IV.【T10】_____【T10】______
— To Artists
To【T11】_____【T11】______
To feel gratified
Provide a(n)【T12】_____【T12】______
To entertain
To be meaningless
Exert control of time or season
Exert control of acquisition of food
Bring order
Create chaos
Therapeutic
【T13】_____ service【T13】______
Maintaining ourselves as a(n)【T14】_____【T14】______
— To Viewers
What have been described【T15】_____viewers as well【T15】______
【T9】
What Are the Functions of Art?
Good morning, everyone. Today, I am going to touch upon the issue of functions of art. As we all know, our life is not without the existence of art. But what are the functions of art, anyway? In today’s lecture, I will first of all give you the context of functions of art and then I will explain personal function, social and physical functions of art.
First, let’s proceed with this caution: No piece of art can be "assigned" a function or functions, either in essay form or in casual conversation, if it isn’t first considered within the proper context. Trying to classify function depends on context. Ideally, one can look at a piece and know approximately where it came from and when. The best-case scenario includes identifying the artist, as well, because he/she is half of the contextual equation,[1]i.e. What was the artist thinking at the time he/she created this? You, the viewer, are the other half, i. e. What does this piece of art mean to you, living right now? These are all factors that should be considered before trying to assign functions. Besides, taking anything out of context can lead to misunderstanding, which is never a happy place to visit. That being said, the functions of art normally fall within three categories. These are personal, social or physical functions. These categories can, and often do, overlap in any given piece of art.
The physical functions of art are most easily dealt with.[2]Works of art that are created to perform some service have physical functions.[3]If you see a Fijian war club you may assume that, however wonderful the craftsmanship may be, it was created to perform the physical function of smashing skulls. A Japanese raku bowl is art that performs a physical function in the tea ceremony. Conversely, a fur-covered teacup from the Dada movement has no physical function.[4]Architecture, any of the crafts and industrial design are all types of art that have physical functions.
Thirdly, the social functions of art. Art has social functions when it addresses aspects of collective life, as opposed to one person’s point of view or experience. For example, public art in 1930s Germany had an overwhelming symbolic theme. Did this art exert influence on the German population? Decidedly so. As did political and patriotic posters in allied countries during the same period of time. Some artists are interested in the freedom to solve special problems of style or technique. Others use style and technique to express their social and political views.[5]They may speak of their artistic responsibility: art does not exist merely to entertain,[6]it must guide and instruct; it must improve our collective existence. Political art skewed to whatever message always carries a social function.[7]The fur-covered Dada teacup, useless for holding tea, carried a social function in that it protested World War I and nearly everything else in life.[8]Art that depicts social conditions performs social functions. The Realists figured this out early in the 19th century. Dorothea Lange and, indeed, many other photographers often photographed people in conditions we’d rather not think about. Additionally, satire performs social functions. Francisco Goya and William Hogarth both went this route, with varying degrees of success at enacting social change.[9]The social function of satire is to ridicule people and institutions so that they will change, or, at least, stop what they are doing. Satire has roots in our fascination with the grotesque, and making grotesque images of real or imagined people is a universal practice.
[10]Finally, the personal functions of art are the most difficult to explain in any great detail. There are many of them, and they vary from person to person.[11]An artist may create out of a need for self-expression, or gratification. He or she might have wanted to communicate a thought or point to the viewer.[12]Perhaps the artist was trying to provide an aesthetic experience, both for self and viewers. A piece might have been meant to "merely" entertain others. Sometimes a piece isn’t meant to have any meaning at all. This is vague, I know. The above is a great example of how knowing the artist can help one "cut to the chase" and assign functions. On a slightly loftier plane, art may serve the personal functions of control. Art has been used to attempt to exert magical control over time, or the seasons or even the acquisition of food. Art is used to bring order to a messy and disorderly world. Conversely, art can be used to create chaos when an artist feels life is too staid and ordinary. Art can also be therapeutic —for both the artist and the viewer.[13]Yet another personal function of art is that of religious service. Lots of examples for this, aren’t there?[14]Lastly, sometimes art is used to assist us in maintaining ourselves as a species. Biological functions would obviously include fertility symbols in any culture, but I would also invite scrutiny of the ways we adorn ourselves in order to be attractive enough to, well, mate. You, the viewer, are half of the equation in assigning function to art—as mentioned earlier.[15]These personal functions apply to you, as well as the artist. It all adds up to literally billions of variables when trying to figure out the personal functions of art.
All right, let me recap the four points required to describe "the functions of art":(1)context of functions,(2)personal functions,(3)social functions and(4)physical functions. I hope you will have a better and fresher understanding about art by now.
选项
答案
enact changes//bring about changes
解析
本题考查反讽的社会功能。讲座说到,反讽是通过嘲笑来让人们和社会发生改变。考生在这里需要对词语稍作调整,才能符合题目的句法。这里可以填enact changes或bring about changes。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/OAZMFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Youcanperformallthosefunctionsthatyouperformatpresentwithyourmobiledevicesbutofmuchhigherspeedthan【M1】______
Youcanperformallthosefunctionsthatyouperformatpresentwithyourmobiledevicesbutofmuchhigherspeedthan【M1】______
Todaywomenearnalmost60percentofallbachelor’sdegreesandmorethanhalfofmaster’sandPh.D.’s.Manypeoplebelieveth
Peoplelearnlanguagesallthetime,andforallkindsofreasons.Forexample,youprobablyhavevariousreasonstostudy【M1】__
Secondlanguageacquisitiontheoryseekstoquantifyhowandbywhatprocessesindividualsacquireasecondlanguage.Thepredom
TheNationalEcologicalObservatoryNetwork,fundedbyCongressfor$434million,willequip106U.S.siteswithsensorstogat
A、Tounderstandtheirinfluenceonyoungkids.B、Tobecarefultomakesureeverythingisright.C、Toexchangeideaswithcommon
Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandgenderhaslongbeenofinterestwithinsociolinguisticsandrelateddisciplines.Early2
Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandgenderhaslongbeenofinterestwithinsociolinguisticsandrelateddisciplines.Early2
随机试题
A.限制性内切酶B.RNA聚合酶C.核酶D.逆转录酶参与端粒合成的酶是
"呕吐者,胃气上而不下也"出于何书
瘀血致病常见的临床特征之一是
(2008年真题)描述液体运动有迹线和流线的概念,任何情况下()。
中国汽车贷款最早出现于()。
孙儿孙女的平均年龄是10岁,孙儿年龄的平方减去孙女年龄的平方所得的数值,正好是爷爷出生年份的后两位,爷爷生于上个世纪40年代。问孙儿孙女的年龄差是多少岁?()
下列不属于央行货币政策的是()。
下列各项属于提升备货效率的方法有()。
Withlotsofwoundedpeople,thequake-strickenareais______formedicalassistancenow.
在文档第一段的末尾插入奇数页分节符。
最新回复
(
0
)