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  3. As childhood-obesity rates skyrocket, doctors are seeing an alarming rise in a costly disease once unheard of in children; type

As childhood-obesity rates skyrocket, doctors are seeing an alarming rise in a costly disease once unheard of in children; type

admin2014-04-20  51
问题     As childhood-obesity rates skyrocket, doctors are seeing an alarming rise in a costly disease once unheard of in children; type 2 diabetes. Unlike type 1, or "juvenile" diabetes—an autoimmune disorder in which the pancreas stops producing insulin—type 2 diabetes is linked to diet and lifestyle. It usually develops only in individuals who are genetically sicken for the condition, but requires a trigger—typically, insulin resistance resulting from overeating. The disease used to be seen only in adults because it took years to exhaust the body’s natural insulin production and resistance. No longer. With kids from Austria to Australia eating a diet laden with fats and sugars, type 2 diabetes is striking at ever earlier ages. Says Arian Rosenbloom, a Florida-based pediatric endocrinologist: " We do not see type 2 in kids of normal weight. "
    The pattern is similar all over the world. In the United States and Britain, half of the new cases of diabetes in children are type 2, compared with just 4 percent in 1990. In China, where 90 percent of the children who have contracted the disease are now type 2, experts say the incidence has been rising by 9 percent each year since 1992. Between 1975 and 1995 in Japan, cases of type 2 in children increased fourfold. And children in Latin America could see a 45 percent rise in the disease by 2010.
    The trend mirrors the explosion of diabetes among the general population. In 1985 an estimated 30 million people worldwide had the disease; today that number has been more than fivefold, to 177 million, 85 percent of whom have type 2. If modern diet and lifestyle aren’t drastically altered, the World Health Organization expects this number to rise to nearly 300 million cases by 2025—half of them in Asia.
    The biggest danger of developing diabetes at a younger age is that it allows more time for complications. Among other things, diabetes commonly causes blindness, loss of circulation, heart and kidney disease, strokes and dangerously high blood-sugar levels. For young people with diabetes, the expected life span is 15 years less than average. Neville Rigby, head of policy and public affairs at the International Obesity TaskForce, puts it bluntly: " Some of these children are going to die before their parents. "
    Ultimately, diabetes is incurable. Although changes in lifestyle and diet can help stem the progression of the disease, it never disappears. Most patients are on insulin injections a decade after diagnosis. Ralph Abraham, a specialist at the London Diabetes and Lipid Centre, compares trying to develop a healthy body after being diagnosed to " trying to run up a down escalator. " The best long-term hope for reversing the trend is for society to get its weight problem under control.  
The figures in Paragraph 2 denote______.
选项 A、China has the largest number of children with type 2 diabetes
B、Japan has the biggest growth rate in new cases of diabetes
C、Latin America sees the greatest rise in the disease
D、the increasing patterns are alike in many countries
答案D
解析 篇章题。本题考查学生对于作者写作意图的理解。浏览第二段，可以看出这里作者采用了典型的论点一论据式段落展开模式，首句为段落主题句：The pattern is similar all over the world．然后列举不同国家的一系列数据对主题句加以说明。[D]“世界各地的增长趋势都很类似”是对主题句的同义转述，从第二段中的数字可以看出儿童患二型糖尿病的形势比较严峻。[A]、[B]和[C]都只是局限于某一个国家的数字所说明的问题，过于细节化，没有从总体上表明作者的写作意图。此外就各项表述本身来看也存在问题，段中只是给出90％这样一个数据，由此不能判断中国患二型糖尿病的儿童数量最多。同理，日本和拉丁美洲国家也只是作者提到的例证而已，也无法断定它们是患二型糖尿病的儿童数量增长最快的国家，排除此三项。
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