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  3. Resale Price Maintenance is the name used when a retailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of c

Resale Price Maintenance is the name used when a retailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of c

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问题     Resale Price Maintenance is the name used when a retailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of choosing for himself how much to add on to the wholesale price he pays for his supplies. This practice is associated with the sale of "branded"goods, which now form a very considerable proportion of consumers’purchases and it has led to a great deal of controversy.
    Generally such articles are packed and advertised by the manufacturers,who try to create a special image in the minds of possible purchasers—an image made up of the look of the article,its use,its price, and everything else which might lead purchasers to ask for that brand rather than any other. If a retailer is allowed to charge any price he likes he may find it worthwhile to sell one brand at"cut"prices even though this involves a loss,because he hopes to attract customers to the shop,where they may be persuaded to buy many other types of goods at higher prices. The manufacturer of the brand that has been cut fears that the retailer may be tempted to reduce the services on this article. But even if he does not there is a danger that the customer becomes unsettled and is unwilling to pay the standard price of the article because he feels that he is being "done". This may,and indeed often does,affect the reputation of the manufacturer and lose him his markel in the long run.
    It is sometimes said also that the housewife—who is the principal buyer of most of these goods-prefers a fixed price because she knows where she is and has saved the bother of going from shop to shop in search of lower prices. If one shop cut all the prices of its branded goods she would undoubtedly have an advantage in shopping there. But this does not happen. A store usually lowers the price of one or two of its articles which act as a decoy and makes up its losses on others, and changes the cut-price articles from week to week so as to attract different groups of customers. And so the housewife may feel rather guilty if she does not spend time tracking down the cheaper goods. How far this is true is a matter of temperament and it is impossible to estimate what proportion of purchasers prefer a price that they can rely on wherever they choose to buy and what proportion enjoy the challenge involved in finding the store that offers them a bargain.
    Those who oppose Resale Price Maintenance on the other hand, point out that there are now a great many different channels of distribution—chain stores,department stores,co-operative stores,independent or unit shops,supermarkets,mail-order houses,and so on. It would be absurd to assume that all of them have exactly the same costs to meet in stocking and selling their goods, so why should they all sell at the same price? If they were allowed to choose for themselves, the more efficient retailers would sell at lower prices and consumers would benefit. As it is, the retail price must be sufficient to cover the costs of the less efficient avenues of distribution and this means the others make a bigger profit than necessary at the expense of the public. The supporters of the fixed price argue that this is only half the story. The efficient trader can still compete without lowering his prices. He can offer better service—long credit,or quick delivery or a pleasant shop decor or helpful assistants—and can do this without imperiling the longterm interests of the manufacturer.
Supporters of the fixed price hold that an efficient trader can still make money without lowering prices by____.
选项 A、allowing customers time to pay
B、hiring assistants for long hours and low wages
C、advertising much more effectively
D、establishing long-term relations with manufactures
答案A
解析 题目问：固定价格的支持者认为，通过什么方式，一个有效的交易仍然可以在不降低价格的情况下进行?最后一段最后一句“He can offer better service—long credit，or quick delivery or a pleasant shopdecor or helpful or helpful assistants．”通过这句话可知，能干的商人仍然可以在不降低其价格的情况下和他人竞争。他可以提供更好的服务：长期贷款、快速交货、提供—个令人愉悦的购物环境，能干的助手，在不危及制造商长远利益的前提下，仍然可以做到这一点。所以，答案是A。
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