首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that change diachronically in response to new sc
Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that change diachronically in response to new sc
admin
2011-01-17
47
问题
Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that
change diachronically in response to new scientific and medical discoveries.
Historically, doctors defined a disease according to a cluster of symptoms, and
Line as their clinical descriptions became more sophisticated, they started to classify
(5) diseases into separate groups, so that from this medical taxonomy came new
insights into disease etiology. Before the 20th century, schizophrenia and
syphilitic insanity were treated as the same disease, but by early 1900 it became
evident that psychoses without associated dementia represented a separate
disease for which the term schizophrenia was then coined. The definition of
(10) schizophrenia continues to evolve from the psychiatric disease of the 1960s to an
illness with a suspected genetic etiology, though the existence of such an
etiology remains uncertain. While an optimistic hunt is still on for the genes
involved, we must continue to define schizophrenia in terms of the presence or
absence of "positive" and "negative" symptoms.
(15) Labeling someone as diseased, however, has enormous individual, social,
financial, and physical implications, for irrespective of disease symptoms, the
label itself may lead to significant distress. Individuals with asymptomatic
conditions, including genetic variations, may be perceived by themselves or
others as having a disease. It is not that labeling someone as diseased is always
(20) positive-it does have severe ramifications, affecting decisions to have children
or resulting in unjust treatment by life, medical, and disability insurers-but it
can be beneficial, legitimizing symptoms, clarifying issues of personal
responsibility, and improving accessibility to health care. Nevertheless,
deviations from normal that are not associated with risk should not be
(25) considered synonymous with disease. Two schools—nominalist and essentialist
or reductionist—have debated the clinical criteria used to label a patient as
diseased. Nominalists label symptoms with a disease name, such as
schizophrenia, and do not offer an explanation of the underlying etiology, while
essentialists contend that for every disease there is an underlying pathological
(30) etiology, and now argue that the essential lesion defining the disease state is a
genetic abnormality.
It has been suggested that diseases defined according to the essentialist
tradition may be precisely wrong, whereas those defined in the nominalist
traditional may be roughly accurate. But in labeling a disease state, we must
(35) consider both the phenotype (symptoms) or the genotype (genetic
abnormality), for the former describes a state that places individuals at some
definable risk of adverse consequences, while the latter helps suggest specific
genetic or pharmacologic therapies. Thus, both clinical criteria and genetic
abnormalities should be used to define a disease state, and the choice of a
(40) disease definition will vary according to what one wishes to achieve, the genetic
counseling of family members or the effective treatment of the patient.
Which of the following best describes the function of the last paragraph in relation to the passage as a whole?
选项
A、It summarizes the benefits that may accrue from a perfected system of pathological taxonomy.
B、It provides additional reasons why pathological taxonomy is a difficult endeavor.
C、It argues for a synthesis of two methods of pathological taxonomy already in use.
D、It continues to highlight the differences between two methods of taxonomical pathological taxonomy.
E、It provides information that points to the eventual abandonment of a particular system of pathological taxonomy.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/MbWYFFFM
本试题收录于:
GRE VERBAL题库GRE分类
0
GRE VERBAL
GRE
相关试题推荐
1mustdeclineitbecausetheconditionsyouofferedarenot______.
Host:Oh,notyet.I’mjustgoingtomakesomecoffee.Guest:______,thoughI’dreallylovetostay.I’vegottobeupbysi
Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafunfilled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeveratta
Todayanyonewillacceptmoneyinexchangeforgoodsandservices.Peopleusemoneytobuyfood,furniture,books,bicyclesand
Thekidswereespecially______thecomingChristmasbecausetheywouldgetlotsofpresentsfromtheirparentsanduncles.
Increasingly,overthepasttenyears,people—especiallyyoungpeople—havebecomeawareoftheneedtochangetheireatinghabit
Muchoftheequipmentwaslying______becauseofalackofspareparts.
Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandfulfilledtheplantendaysaheadofschedule,______wassomethingwehadnotexpected.
BRISTLE:ANGER::
Annoyedbythenewemployee’sexcessively______manner,thesupervisoradvisedhimthatsuchfawningwasinappropriate.
随机试题
火灾事故所造成的损失严重程度中,所称的“以上”包括本数,“以下”不包括本数。()
患者,男性,40岁。外伤所致左侧胫腓骨骨折,复位后给予小腿管型石膏外固定,患者主诉石膏内有持续性局部疼痛。为避免形成石膏压疮,在护理石膏患者时禁止做的工作是
女性,28岁,已婚3年未孕,月经规则、量中,近2年痛经(+)。妇科检查:宫颈柱状上皮异位,子宫后倾,正常大小,活动度差。左侧附件可扪及8cm×8cm×6cm囊性肿块,轻压痛,右侧附件(-)。B超检查:左侧卵巢囊肿。诊断为左侧卵巢巧克力囊肿。患者宜选用的治疗
《公路桥梁承载能力检测评定规程》(JTG/TJ21—2011)规定,在用桥梁有下列()情况之一时,应进行承载能力检测评定。
在各类操作风险事件中,损失程度高的是()。
清帝在避暑山庄召见朝臣及各族王公,处理军国要事及举行大典前后更衣休息的地方是()。
研究人员调查某家族遗传病,绘制出遗传系谱图如下,其中乙病为伴性遗传病。甲病用A、a表示,乙病用B、b表示。请据图分析,回答下列问题:Ⅱ-4的基因型为AA的概率是______,Ⅲ-10的基因型为Aa的概率是________。
某中学举行运动会,孙某报名参加的是初中部男子800米比赛,当孙某跑完800米时,便瘫倒在地上。学校老师和同学见后立即上前扶住,副校长和体育老师立即对孙某进行挤压人中穴及人工按压胸部等急救措施。同时,另一名副校长马上联系医院,大约8至10分钟内,救护车驶到学
法制部门监督制度是指公安机关的法制部门代表()对下级公安机关、本级公安机关所属业务部门、派出机构及其人民警察的执法活动实施监督、检查的制度。
ITU标准OC-12和OC.3的传输速率分别为()。
最新回复
(
0
)