首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Can computers reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately
Can computers reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately
admin
2010-04-24
41
问题
Can computers reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately, errors frequently occur, and we are not talking about simple carelessness as occurs when two numbers are incorrectly added, nor do we mean errors resulting from simple forgetfulness. Rather, we have in mind errors of a logic nature--those resulting from faulty reasoning. Now, or at least soon, computers will be capable of error-free logical reasoning in a variety of areas. The key to avoiding errors is to use a computer program that relies on the last two decades’ research in the field of automated theorem proving. AURA (Automated Reasoning Assistant) is the program that best exemplifies this use of the computer.
AURA solves a problem by drawing conclusions from a given set of facts about the problem. Program does not learn, nor is it self-analytical, but it reaches logical conclusions flawlessly. It used various types of reasoning and, more important, has access to very powerful and sophisticated logical strategies. AURA seldom relies on brute force to find solutions. Instead it solves almost all problems by using sophisticated techniques to find a contradiction. One generally starts with a set of assumptions and adds a statement that the goal is unreachable. For example, if the problem is to test a safety system that automatically shuts down a nuclear reactor when instruments indicate a problem, AURA is told that the system will not shut the reactor down under those circumstances. If AURA finds a contradiction between the statement and the system’s design assumptions, then this aspect of the reactor’s design has been proved satisfactory. This strategy, known as the set of support strategy, lets AURA concentrate on the problem at hand and avoid the many fruitless steps required to explore the entire theory underlying the problem. Almost never does the program proceed by carrying out an exhaustive search.
The chief use for AURA at this time is for electronic circuit design validation, but a number of other uses will arise. For example, there already exist "expert systems" that include a component for reasoning. An expert system is a special purpose program designed to automate reasoning in a specific area such as medical diagnosis. These expert programs, unlike human experts, do not die. Such systems continue to improve and have an indefinite life span. Moreover, they can be replicated for pennies. A human who can expertly predict where to drill for oil is in great demand. A program that can predict equally well would be invaluable and could be duplicated any number of times.
Will the computer replace the human being? Certainly not. It seems likely that computer programs will reproduce--that is, design more clever computer programs and more efficient, more useful components. Reasoning programs will also analyze their own progress, learn from their attempts to solve a problem, and redirect their attack on a problem. Such programs will assist, rather than replace, humans. Their impact will be felt in design, manufacturing, law, medicine, and other areas. Reasoning assistants will enable human minds to turn to deeper and far more complex ideas. These ideas will be partially formulated and then checked for reasoning flaws by a reasoning program. Many errors will be avoided.
The primary purpose of AURA is to
选项
A、function as a safety mechanism in nuclear reactors.
B、detect contradictions and other faults in computer programs.
C、develop expert human programs for technical fields.
D、check human reasoning for possible errors.
答案
D
解析
文章第一段最后两句提到“(人)要想不出逻辑推理方面的错误,关键在于使用一种计算机程序,这个程序是在过去20年中对自动定理证明领域的研究的基础上设计出来的。AURA(自动推理助手)就是计算机在这方面应用的最好例子,由此可知,AURA主要用于检查人们的逻辑推理错误,故答案为D 。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/MX8MFFFM
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Thedifferencebetweenaliquidandagasisobvious【B1】______theconditionsoftemperatureandpressurecommonlyfoundat
Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople?Whatistheauthor
WhichisNOTcorrectdescriptionaboutMedullarybone?
"WouldyousendthismessagetoProf.Wilson?""Sure,________himaboutsomethingelseinanycase,sotherewon’tbeanybother
Educatortodayaremoreandmoreoften【C1】______tosaythatcomputerliteracyisabsolutelynecessaryforcollegestudents.Ma
Everything________intoconsideration,IproposethatthefirstprizeshouldbegiventoLinQiang.
Ifnuclearbombsaredroppedonanareathesurvivorswill______.
Bytheyear2010,scientistsprobably______aneffectivetreatmentforcancer.
Whatdochildrentendtofeelwhentheirparentdrinksalot?
She’snotababyinarmsanylonger.She’s______dowhatevershewantsto.
随机试题
Thisis______thelatestexampleofgovernmentinterference.
采血前需对采血袋进行检查,其检查内容包括
A.单个浅表溃疡B.肠壁全层的结核杆菌浸润C.多发浅表溃疡D.肉芽肿形成E.干酪样坏死并组织癌变溃疡型肠结核病理特征是
乳牙继发龋的特点是
男性,9岁,尿少浮肿1天。体检:眼睑部浮肿,血压140/100mmHg,尿蛋白(+),尿红细胞(+++)。该患儿诊断是
下列特征中,属于商誉特征的是()。
国家农业发展银行所承担的任务是()。
日本政府最近发起一项新的运动,()家庭关掉电视,提醒人们不要迷失在小屏幕前,应该多去户外活动。
对于舆情应对,政府不可谓不重视,但“信息不透明,手段不科学,态度不诚恳"却是某大学教授总结出的政府应对舆情危机的三大弊病。例如,面对民生问题中的种种质疑,有关部门的回应却常常让人觉得“雾里看花”。在塑化剂排查中称“抽检的140多份方便面样品,未发现人为添
Nowadays,incominggenerationsreallyrelyonthepowerofthe"Internet"whenitcomestosearchingforinformation.Justtype
最新回复
(
0
)