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  3. Oceanography has been defined as "the application of all sciences to the study of the sea". Before the 19th century scientists w

Oceanography has been defined as "the application of all sciences to the study of the sea". Before the 19th century scientists w

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问题     Oceanography has been defined as "the application of all sciences to the study of the sea".
Before the 19th century scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
    For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineer had to know the depth profile(起伏形状)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
    It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测深)were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.
    The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
    Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedi-tion(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
It was______ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.
选项 A、the American Navy
B、some early intercontinental travelers
C、those who earned a living from the sea
D、the company which proposed laying an undersea cable
答案D
解析 本题问的是谁向Maury请教海洋研究方面的问题。要答对这一题，必须看懂原文第四段第一句。这是一个强调句型(It was…that…)，原文突出“向美国海军的Maury请教”。而题干也是一个强调句型，突出谁向Maury请教。理解本句的关键还在于要掌握“turn to…for…”这个短语的用法。可见，答案是选项D。
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