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  3. Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nati

Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nati

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问题     Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to," says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
    The beginning of our sleep-deficit crises can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it," says Dr. David. "They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
    Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme. "In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5. 5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8. 5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition."
    To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or re call a passage read to them only minutes earlier. "We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers," says Dr. David. "Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
The major cause of sleep-deficit of modem people is ______.
选项 A、the endless TV programme in the evenings
B、heavy work load of the day
C、sufficient energy modem people usually have
D、loud noises in the modem cities
答案B
解析 文章第三段明确指出：研究人员认为，也许最残忍的睡眠剥夺者就是白天的繁杂琐事(complexity of the day)，包括来自工作、家庭、朋友以及社区的压力等，所以B)为正确答案。文章虽然提到电的发明使得人们的睡眠日益减少；但并没有指出这是主要原因，而且文中也没有提到电视节目，所以排除 A)；根据文章第二和第三段可知，每个人所需要的睡眠时间事实上是相当的，有的人自吹睡五、六个小时即可，为的是让别人以为自己非常有活力和动力，但实际是自欺欺人，所以排除C)；选项D)文章没有提及。
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