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  3. In my view, the main reason for the uneven management sex ratio is our inability to discern between confidence and competence. 【

In my view, the main reason for the uneven management sex ratio is our inability to discern between confidence and competence. 【

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问题    In my view, the main reason for the uneven management sex ratio is our inability to discern between confidence and competence. 【F1】That is, because we (people in general) commonly misinterpret displays of confidence as a sign of competence, we are fooled into believing that men are better leaders than women. In other words, when it comes to leadership, the only advantage that men have over women (e.g., from Argentina to Norway and the USA to Japan) is the fact that manifestations of arrogance—often masked as the powerful personality or charm—are commonly mistaken for leadership potential, and that these occur much more frequently in men than in women.
   【F2】The truth of the matter is that pretty much anywhere in the world men tend to think that they are much smarter than women. Yet arrogance and overconfidence are inversely related to leadership talent—the ability to build and maintain high-performing teams, and to inspire followers to set aside their selfish agendas in order to work for the common interest of the group.
   【F3】Indeed, whether in sports, politics or business, the best leaders are usually humble—and whether through nature or nurture, humility is a much more common feature in women than men. For example, women outperform men on emotional intelligence, which is a strong driver of modest behaviors. 【F4】Furthermore, a quantitative review of gender differences in personality involving more than 23,000 participants in 26 cultures indicated that women are more sensitive, considerate, and humble than men, which is arguably one of the least counter-intuitive findings in the social sciences.
   【F5】Most of the character traits that are truly advantageous for effective leadership are predominantly found in those who fail to impress others about their talent for management. This is especially true for women. Female managers are more likely to get respect and pride from their followers, communicate their vision effectively, empower and mentor subordinates, and approach problem-solving in a more flexible and creative way, as well as fairly reward direct reports. In contrast, male managers are statistically less likely to bond or connect with their subordinates, and they are relatively more incompetent at rewarding them for their actual performance.
   So it struck me as a little odd that so much of the recent debate over getting women to "lean in" has focused on getting them to adopt more of these abnormal leadership traits. Yes, these are the people we often choose as our leaders—but should they be?
【F3】
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答案实际上，无论是在体育界，政界还是商界，最好的领导者通常为人谦逊——而且无论是天生的还是后天养成的，谦逊更多是女性而非男性的共同特征。
解析 ①本句是由破折号和and连接的两个并列句，意在进一步说明女性的领导才能。②两个分句均有whether．．．or．．．引导的条件状语，前者是从不同领域分析，后者是从先天和后天两个角度进行说明。③句末than的比较结构比较的是common feature in women和(common feature in)men，说明男女性之间谦逊程度的差别。
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