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  3. (46)Scientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered "striking" differences between men and women in a part of the brain linked with

(46)Scientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered "striking" differences between men and women in a part of the brain linked with

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问题     (46)Scientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered "striking" differences between men and women in a part of the brain linked with ability to estimate time, judge speed, visualize things three-dimensionally and solve mathematical problems.
    (47)The differences, the researchers say, may underlie well-known trends that vary by sex, such as the fact that more men than women are architects, mathematicians and race-car drivers.
    In a study reported this week in the Journal Cerebral Cortex, the researchers show that a brain region called the inferior parietal lobule is significantly larger overall in men than in women. The area is part of the cerebral cortex and appears on both sides of the brain just above ear-level.
    Also, there’s a symmetry difference, with men having a larger left IPL than right. (48)In women in the study, it’s the right IPL that’s somewhat larger, though the difference between the two sides of the brain is less obvious than in men, says psychiatrist Godfrey Pearlson, M.D. who headed the project.
    Researchers also compared IPL volumes on the left and the right sides of the brain. After allowances for men’s larger overall head and brain size, men had roughly 6 percent more IPL tissue than women.
    "The inferior parietal lobule is far more developed in people than in animals and has evolved relatively recently, "says Pearlson. (49)It allows the brain to process information from senses such as vision and touch, and enables the sort of thinking involved in selective attention and perception.
    Studies link the right IPL with a working memory of spatial relationships, the ability to sense relationships between body parts and awareness of a person’s own affect or feelings. The left IPL, Pearlson says, is more involved in perception, such as judging how fast something is moving, estimating time and having the ability to mentally rotate 3-D figures.
    "To say this means men are automatically better at some things than women is a simplification, "says Pearlson. "It’s easy to find women who are fantastic at math and physics and men who excel in language skills. Only when we look at very large populations and look for slight but significant trends do we see the generalizations. (50)There are plenty of exceptions, but there’s also a grain of truth, revealed through the brain structure, that we think underlies some of the ways people characterize the sexes."

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答案研究人员指出，这种差异可能会形成众所周知的男女有别的现象，例如，事实上建筑师、数学家和赛车手中男性就多于女性。
解析 这是一个简单复合句，句子框架是The differences…，may underlie…trends…。句中宾语trends后that引导了一个定语从句，而在定语从句中又包含一个由that引导的同位语从句解释the fact。句中underlie的本义是"在…之下，成为…的基础"，在这里可以灵活处理译成"形成、发展成"。trend是"倾向、趋势"的意思。可以译为"现象"。
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