首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
自考
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
admin
2017-01-30
36
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards" ; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的)"drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to " reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement " switched on" a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many three turns to one side. Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because ______.
选项
A、the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"
B、the sight of the lights was interesting
C、they need not turn back to watch the lights
D、they succeeded in "switching on" the lights
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/JTBfFFFM
本试题收录于:
电子商务英语题库经管类分类
0
电子商务英语
经管类
相关试题推荐
He______hisfirstbooktohismother.
Musicwhichisoriginalisindividualandpersonal.Thatistosay,itcanbeidentifiedasbelongingtoaparticularcomposer.
Koalaslookliketeddybears,【C1】______theyarenotbearsatall.Theyarereallyanimalscalledmarsupials.Theseanimalsc
Teachersall______thestudenttoenterthecompetition.
Youshouldsignacontracttomakeyourjobsituation______.
He______hisfirstbooktohismother.
particularfileformat
Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas"Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea".Beforethenineteenthcenturysc
Alandfreefromdestruction(破坏),pluswealth,naturalresources,andlaborsupply—allthesewereimportant【C1】______inhelping
Becausethereading______inmostcollegecoursesareveryheavy,studentsshouldplantoreadeveryday.
随机试题
工业上生产乙炔常采用()。
心肌不会产生强直收缩的原因是
A商贸有限公司在法定代表人甲某的主持下,在未取得进口货物许可证的情况下,购买了马来西亚某公司的笔记本电脑100台,价值120万元,香烟1万条,价值130万元,后在交接时被海关人员查获,则对于本案的处理应当是:()
岩质边坡由泥质粉砂岩与泥岩互层组成为不透水边坡,边坡后部有一充满水的竖直拉裂带,如图6—1所示。静水压力Pq为1125kN/m,可能滑动的层面上部岩体重量W为22000kN/m,层面摩擦角φ为22°,黏聚力c为20kPa,试问其安全系数最接近于下列何项数值
某有限责任公司连续5年不向股东分配利润,而公司该5年连续盈利,并且符合《公司法》规定的分配利润条件,则股东可以()。[2012年真题]
以下关于增值税纳税地点的表述中,错误的是()。
我们党的最大政治优势是()。
根据下列资料。回答下列题。2012年上半年世界62个主要产钢国和地区粗钢产量76686万吨,同比增长0.88%,按日均计算仅增长0.32%.扣除我国粗钢产量外日均产量同比下降0.5%。2012年1~6月中国粗钢产量同比增长:
下列旅游资源中,位于德阳境内的有()。
2015年全国海洋生产总值64669亿元,比上年增长7.0%,海洋生产总值占国内生产总值的9.6%。其中,海洋第一产业增加值3292亿元,第二产业增加值27492亿元,第三产业增加值33885亿元。2014年,海洋工程建筑业增加值约是海洋盐业增加值的
最新回复
(
0
)