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  3. We would all appreciate a healthy work-life balance, but even those of us who try to relax outside the office are frustrated by

We would all appreciate a healthy work-life balance, but even those of us who try to relax outside the office are frustrated by

admin2019-08-08  42
问题    We would all appreciate a healthy work-life balance, but even those of us who try to relax outside the office are frustrated by the gentle chime of email at all hours. To our delight and horror, smart-phones and tablets have given us the flexibility to respond to work from anywhere, practically becoming one of the family. 【F1】Entrepreneurs and executives are known for a round-the-clock devotion to work, in contrast to the four-day-weekgurus, but what toll does availability take for those whose jobs require it?
   A recent study links extended work availability with decreased calmness, mood, and energy levels. 【F2】By looking at industries from technical services to nursing, the study evaluated the effects of being on-call—that is, not at work, but being expected to remain available by phone for questions or customer requests. Participants marked lower moods the morning after being on-call compared to mornings after days when they were not required to be available, which the researchers believe occurs because readiness to respond makes it harder to recover from work. The possibility alone hindered recovery from work.
   These results were strengthened by an association between psychology and physiology. Cortisol (皮质醇 ) is a stress hormone, and changes in Cortisol levels are associated with health problems. 【F3】While hunter-gatherers probably found these changes useful in preparing for predator attacks, today’s consensus is that the unavoidable daily stressors of modern life change Cortisol levels in ways more harmful than helpful.
   Some secrets to avoiding the damages of daily stress lie in the variation between people. In this study, there was wide variation in the effects on the participants. Some people experienced none at all. What accounts for this? That question has led to research in recent years on the flip side of stress, resilience. 【F4】The body’s response to stress is so complicated that looking at the people who cope well with stress may give more straightforward coping strategies than working from molecular scratch.
   Given the present knowledge of stress’s long-term effects on our health, we have two options to consider. We can reduce job stress or maximize recovery afterwards. 【F5】But so long as we are jumping to answer the phone when work calls, there is little chance of either happening. As eminent stress researcher Robert Sapolsky noted in a talk at UC Berkeley, not all stress is harmful, but duration is key. "Good stress is transient—it’s not for nothing that you don’t have roller coaster rides going for three weeks."
【F1】
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答案和每周工作四天的领导们不同，企业家和主管们以24小时投身于工作著称，但是，对于确实需要随时待命工作的人来说，这种付出会给他们自身带来怎样的不良影响呢?
解析 ①本句是并列复合句。分句1谓语be known for．．．意为“因……而出名，以……著称”，该分句将以a round-the-dock devotion to work著称的Entrepreneurs and executives“企业家和主管”与一周只工作4天的人做对比；round-the-clock意为“全天的，不分昼夜的”，in contrast to意为“和……形成对照”；four-day-weekgurus为合成名词，guru可表示“专家，权威；古鲁(印度教的宗师或领袖)”，此处与拼命工作的企业家和主管作对比，可理解为工作较为轻松和不需要那么拼命的“领导们”。②分句2以but为连接词，表明与分句1存在转折关系；but之后是以what为疑问代词的特殊疑问句；availability可表示“有用性，可用性”，在此相当于a round-the-clock devotion to work的复述，可理解为“全天候工作”或“随时待命工作”；定语从句修饰those，句末的it指代分句2中的availability，即a round-the-clock…to work。
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