首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural e-cosystems and co-evolve with those
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural e-cosystems and co-evolve with those
admin
2019-04-08
36
问题
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural e-cosystems and co-evolve with those natural systems.【T1】
There is a material and energy basis for the relations between human economies and their ecosystems, defining not only economic, but social , structures and processes.
Economies possess general ecosystem properties, such as dynamism, evolution, integrity, stability and sustenance. Economies are embedded in larger natural ecosystems , and exchange flows of materials and energy with natural systems.
【T2】
What makes humans and their economies unique as a sub-ecosystem is their ability, through willful effort, ignorance and human designed tools, to dramatically restructure and reform processes in ecosystems of which they are a part:
The ability is to such a magnitude that human welfare can be diminished or enhanced by those original actions. Some types of economic activities, and the welfare that originates from them, would not be sustainable if they substantially adversely impact natural systems.
【T3】
The willful effort to extract useful things from natural systems is motivated by the satisfaction of basic biological needs and the seemingly limitless search for pleasure through consumption of goods and through social associations.
The magnitude of potential impact on their own welfare through effects on natural systems requires that human decisions be guided by some notion of the value of their actions and the value of their impacts on ecosystems, either in terms of benefits of use or costs of abuse. Some concept of value is required for rational activities of human economies within their natural systems.
Both the structures and processes of natural systems have identifiable instrumental value to the human economy. These narrow use values may be reflected by the summation of individual values, to the extent they are private. However, natural systems also have aesthetic, moral and cultural values. These values are more intrinsic and unmeasurable using traditional human preferences.
【T4】
Valuation is made more complicated by the fact that our natural environment is highly likely to shape values through establishing social and economic relations, aesthetic standards and culture.
If so, our decisions now about the natural environment will shape future value systems, making values endogenous and, therefore, a poor guide to behavior.【T5】
A way out of this dilemma is to make valuations of natural systems based on "What we would like to see society become" rather than to ask what current valuations are.
The value of natural systems is then based on their ability to assist us in becoming what we wish to be.
【T4】
选项
答案
由于我们的自然环境很可能会通过建立社会与经济之间的关系、建立审美标准和文化来影响价值,做出衡量就变得更加复杂。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/IvGsFFFM
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Broadlyspeaking,theEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonwhoisfully【21】______onlyamongpeopleheknowswell.In
Oneofthemostpressingproblemsregardingtheseatodayconcernsnotitsresources,butitsconservation.Therearelimitsto
Therewasatimewhenparentswhowantedaneducationalpresentfortheirchildrenwouldbuyatypewriter,aglobeoranencyclo
WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthethingincludedinyourlist?
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed35minutestowriteacompositionontheInternetaccordingtothefollowingOUTLINE.
AnewlypublishedAIDSstudycouldopenanotherfrontinthebattleagainstHIVinfectionbyshowingthatgenetherapycanbeus
A1973SupremeCourtdecisionandrelatedSenatehearingsfocusedCongressionalcriticismonthe1966FreedomofInformationAct
Everyone【21】______ofthePresidentoftheUS【22】______themostpowerfulmanin【23】______Butwhentherepresentatives
Manyyearsagowhenthesummersseemedlongerandlifewaslesscomplicated,wehadrentedacottage【C1】______ariverinthehea
GenerationsofAmericanshavebeenbrought【C1】______tobelievethatagoodbreakfastisimportantforhealth.Eatingbreakfasta
随机试题
简述总分类账和明细分类账的关系。
患者,男,40岁。持续性脐周痛,阵发性加剧,肛门停止排便排气2日,伴有呕吐,呕吐物为食物。查体:一般情况良好,体温37.5℃,脉搏84次/分,血压120/80mmHg,腹部轻度膨隆,未见肠型,右下腹麦氏切口皮肤瘢痕愈合好,肠鸣音亢进,偶闻气过水声,腹部无明
早期诊断化脓性关节炎,最有确诊价值的检查是
案例某年7月31日15时45分,在Q省G市某城市给水管网改造工程管沟土方施工时,发生沟壁土方坍塌,造成3人死亡,1人重伤,1人轻伤,直接经济损失40余万元。事故发生过程:Q省G市某城市给水管网改造工程,系市政建设工程。由市自来
由于施工现场处于人口密集区,则下面说法正确的是()。关于粉尘四处弥漫的情形,下面说法正确的是()。
关于地下防水混凝土所用材料及配合比的说法,正确的有()。
如果你被录用,在新的岗位上,你将如何开展工作?
A.theissuingbankwillsendtheL/Ctooneofitscorrespondentsattheplaceofexportbymailorcable.B.I’dliketoknow
我国的根本政治制度是()(2001年单选理科卷)
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.HowWellDoWeConcentrate?A
最新回复
(
0
)