2. 外语
  3. How to Cure Jet Lag A)Jet lag is exhausting, disorientating, and can even make you lose your appetite. B)According to Air & Spac

How to Cure Jet Lag A)Jet lag is exhausting, disorientating, and can even make you lose your appetite. B)According to Air & Spac

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问题                         How to Cure Jet Lag
A)Jet lag is exhausting, disorientating, and can even make you lose your appetite.
B)According to Air & Space magazine the term "jet lag" may have been first coined in February 1966. "If you’re going to be a member of the Jet Set and fly off to Katmandu for coffee with King Mahendra," wrote Horace Sutton in the Los Angeles Times, "you can count on contracting Jet Lag, a debility like a hangover. Jet Lag derives from the simple fact that jets travel so fast they leave your body rhythms behind."
C)It’s only in the last few decades that humans have been able to jump time zones, and we’ ve yet to find a way to adapt. But what actually happens to our bodies when we leap across time zones and how is research helping us understand how to ease the effects?
D)Jet lag is the result of a disruption in our body’ s internal clocks. Our biological clocks drive our circadian rhythms(生理节奏), which anticipate dawn and dusk, and controls everything from blood pressure to how hungry we are. The system is a "master clock" in our brain that is sensitive to our exposure to light coordinates all the body clocks within our organs and tissues.
E)It takes most people a few days to fully adjust, depending on not only how many time zones have been crossed, but also the direction of travel. Adjusting to eastward travel is harder because of the way our internal body clock functions. As this clock follows a period of just over 24 hours, our bodies compensate every day by contracting this to keep up with the regular 24-hour sun cycle. When you travel west, you gain several hours, and so your body has extra time to make this adjustment. Travel east, though, and your day is shortened, which makes the adjustment more difficult.
Shift work
F)So how possible is it to fool our biological clocks? "There is no silver bullet—so far—to treat jet lag," says Horacio de la Iglesia, professor of biology at the University of Washington. "Typically, the best way involves a combination of strategies that include restricting light exposure to specific times, restricting rest and meals, as well as activities such as walking and running to specific times." Simon Archer from Surrey University agrees, at least in principle. "A combined approach can be helpful, but in practice it may be difficult to get all the timings right—it may be very difficult not to be exposed to light at an inappropriate time."
G)All these strategies are aimed at speeding up the adjustment of our multiple clocks to the new time zone. Work over the past 15 years has led to an amazing increase in our understanding of the circadian clock, light input and jet lag, says Stuart Peirson of the Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology at Oxford University.
H)Together with his team, he has been studying how light changes the expression of clock genes in the SCN. Increased expression of certain clock genes effectively moves the molecular "hands" of the clock to the correct time, says Peirson—but there seems to be a limit on how much the clock can be shifted: it’ s just one hour per day. "Our work in this area has identified a natural brake—a protein called SIK1—that is activated by light and actively prevents the clock shifting. Normally it would take five or six days to adjust to a six-hour shift in time zone. "When this[SIK1]mechanism is blocked, it enables mice to shift their clocks much more quickly—shifting six hours in two-to-three days," says Peirson.
Be prepared
I)Some scientists are looking at how we can avoid jet lag by preparing for it in advance. "We believe it is important for many people to start the process of shifting your internal rhythms before the flight, so that you arrive with little or no jet lag," says Charmane Eastman at Rush University in Chicago, Illinois. "Most recommendations and computer-based programs only make recommendations for what to do after landing in the new time zone."
J)Together with colleagues, Eastman has been investigating how people could reset their body clocks before flying.
Speed shift
K)There might also be ways to adjust the body clock without drugs. Another group of scientists has designed an app called Entrain that uses mathematical modelling to determine how our body can shift from one time zone to another in the quickest way possible. If users type in the timezone they are travelling to, the app calculates a schedule that tells the user when they should expose themselves to light.
L)The researchers say it’s probably easiest for travellers to divide their day into two parts, one where they seek as much light as possible and another where they should try to be in darkness—essentially corresponding to dawn and dusk. The software "should allow an individual to get over jet lag in less than half the time than if one use other well-known recommendations," says Daniel Forger of the University of Michigan, a co-author of the study.
M)The schedules themselves haven’t been tested in controlled environments; the data people submit will be used to test the efficacy of the recommendations in the real world—and the team says they have data from over 5,000 people so far. "Hopefully our schedules can be integrated into more devices so that they become easier to follow," says lead developer of Entrain, mathematician Olivia Walch at the University of Michigan. "Maybe hotels could offer 10,000 lux lights so that people can get bright daylight when they need it to push their clocks in the right direction."
N)You can start to fill in the new time zone by altering their habits of rest and and meals gradually. For example, you may sleep earlier and ensure the room where you sleep is totally dark and quiet. You can also eat a bit earlier or late and eat some snacks just to make your body adjust to the new rhythm.
O)Though by far there is no solution to solve this problem completely, scientists said we can still adjust our bodies with those means mentioned above which can greatly lighten the unpleasant feeling caused by jet lag.
Not only how many time zones one has crossed but also the way one has crossed them influence how long people needed to become totally adjust to the new time zone.
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答案E
解析 此句意为：要多久才能适应新的时区不仅仅取决于人们跨了多少个时区．还取决于人们跨时区的方式。根据题干中的how many time zones one has crossed可以定位到E段中的It takes most people a few days to fully adjust．depending on not only how many time zones have been crossed，but also the direction of travel．题干中的the way one has crossed them是文中the direction of travel的另一种表述。
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