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  3. Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960 s when the Small Business Administration(SBA)began making federally

Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960 s when the Small Business Administration(SBA)began making federally

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问题     Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960 s when the Small Business Administration(SBA)began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’ s total receipts.
    Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to acceler- ate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company or MESBIC. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.
    MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $ 500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as in- creasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.
    Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach invest- ments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the "social responsibility approach" and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course is followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to recreate the disap- pointing results of the original SBA approach.
Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from the passage?
选项 A、The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.
B、Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.
C、The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.
D、Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.
E、The capitalization needs of recipient businesses were assessed and then provided for adequately.
答案C
解析 关于SBA计划，可从文中推出：A．贷款给企业最高期限是15年。15年只是作者论述SBA效果令人失望的所举出的一个年限。B．对于接受此计划的企业来说，商业贷款比管理和技术上资助要有效。无此种比较。C．正确。预期的失败比率要明显比现在低。文中L9一13指出，SBA计划令人失望，因为失败比率特别高。取非得：原来设想应没有现在高。D．没有提到“relocate to areas．．．”。E．先评估接受资助企业的需求量再提供合适的量。原文无此过程描述。
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