首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Whenever two or more unusual traits or situations are found in the same place, it is tempting to look for more than a coincident
Whenever two or more unusual traits or situations are found in the same place, it is tempting to look for more than a coincident
admin
2013-02-05
33
问题
Whenever two or more unusual traits or situations are found in the same place, it is tempting to look for more than a coincidental relationship between them. The high Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau certainly have extraordinary physical characteristics and the cultures that are found there are also unusual, though not unique. However there is no intention of adopting Montesquieu’s view of climate and soil as cultural determents. The ecology of a region merely poses some of the problems faced by the inhabitants of the region, and while the problems facing a culture are important to its development, they do not determine it.
The appearance of the Himalayas during the late Tertiary Period and the accompanying further raising of the previously established rages had a marked effect on the climate of the region. Primarily, of course, it blocked the Indian monsoon from reaching Central Asia at all. Secondly, air and moisture from other directions were also reduced.
Prior to the raising of the Himalayas, the land now forming the Tibetan uplands had a dry, continental climate with vegetation and animal’s life similar to that of much of the rest of the region on the same parallel, but somewhat different from that of the areas farther north, which were already drier①. With the coming of the Himalayas and the relatively sudden drying out of the region, there was a severe thinning out of the animal and plant population. The ensuing incomplete Pleistocene glaciations had a further thinning effect, but significantly did not wipe out life in the area. Thus after the end of the glaciations there were only a few varieties of life extant from the original continental species. Isolated by the Kunlun range from the Tarim basin and Turfan depression, species that had already adapted to the dry steppe climate, and would otherwise have been expected to flourish in Tibetan, the remaining native fauna and flora multiplied②. Armand de scribed the Tibetan fauna as not having great variety, but being "striking" in the abundance of the particular species that are present. The plant life is similarly limited in variety, with some observers finding no more than seventy varieties of plants in even the relatively fertile Eastern Tibetan valleys, with fewer than ten food crops. Tibetan "tea" is a major staple, perhaps replacing the unavailable vegetables.
The difficulties of living in an environment at once dry and cold, and populated with species more usually found in more hospitable climates, are great. These difficulties may well have influenced the unusual polyandrous societies typical of the region. Lattimore sees the maintenance of multi-husband households as being preserved from earlier forms by the harsh conditions of the Tibetan uplands, which permitted no experimentation and "froze" the cultures that came there. Kawakiwa, on the other hand, sees the polyandry as a way of easily permitting the best householder to become the head husband regardless of age. His de tailed studies of the Bhotea village of Tsumje do seem to support this idea of polyandry as a method of talent mobility in a situation where even the best talent is barely enough for survival.
In sum, though arguments can be made that a pre-existing polyandrous system was strengthened and preserved (insofar as it has been) by the rigors of the land, it would certainly be an overstatement to lay causative factors of any stronger nature to the ecological influences in this case③.
According to the passage, which of the following would probably be the most agreeable to Montesquieu?
选项
A、All regions have different soils and thus, different cultures.
B、Some regions with similar climates will have similar culture.
C、Cultures in the same area, sharing soil and climate, will be essentially identical.
D、The plants of a country, by being the food of its people, cause the people to have similar views to one another.
答案
C
解析
事实细节题。根据第一段第二话写道:喜马拉雅山和青藏高原地带地理特征奇特,文化也与众不同;紧接着第三句话说到:这里并无意采用孟德斯鸠“气候和土壤决定文化”的观点,所以我们可以看出孟德斯鸠所持的是一种环境决定论,认为外部环境决定人文风气。所以答案为 C 。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/FVOMFFFM
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Inhislifetime,heenjoyedareputation______.
Humoristhemosteffectivemeansofhandlingthedifficultsituations.Itcanbeusedfor【C1】______updifferences,apologizing
Beforediscussingtheeffectofdeflationandinflationonthedistributionofincome,itwillbeusefulto【C1】______theseterm
Beforediscussingtheeffectofdeflationandinflationonthedistributionofincome,itwillbeusefulto【C1】______theseterm
Inthepasttwentyyears,therehasbeenanincreasingtendencyforworkerstomovefromonecountrytoanother.【C1】______somen
Inthepasttwentyyears,therehasbeenanincreasingtendencyforworkerstomovefromonecountrytoanother.【C1】______somen
Infamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpact【C1】______achild’slanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anews
Inanysociety,nomatterhow【C1】______,someindividualshaveauthority【C2】______others,atleastwithinalimitedsphere.Obed
Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywo
Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywo
随机试题
简述外部招聘的优点。
原始数据都加或减一个不等于0的常数是k
彩虹公司与彩霞公司签订了一份买卖合同,彩虹公司出售给彩霞公司价值15万元的林肯轿车一辆,50台彩电(每台3000元)。此前,彩虹公司有20台彩电寄存在彩霞公司的仓库里。合同成立后,彩霞公司即支付了所有价款,并于第二天将林肯轿车开走,此时彩虹公司的仓库里还
刑事责任是指责任主体实施法律禁止的行为所应承担的()。
“权利或义务”认定只与()的组成要素有关。
在某社区,社会工作者通过和居民的访谈了解到,居民对社区周边的小商品市场乱丢垃圾的现象非常不满,希望有人能协调处理一下,居民表达的这种需要被称为( )。
材料一:“现代的文明的美国的历史,是由一次伟大的、真正解放的、真正革命的战争开始的,同那些因王公、地主、资本家瓜分争夺土地和利润而引起的掠夺战争(像现在的帝国主义战争)比较起来,这种战争是很少见的。这是美国人民反对当时压迫美国,使美国处于殖民地奴隶地位的英
更好在香港落实“一国两制”,必须始终准确把握“一国”和“两制”的关系。必须明确()
文小雨加入了学校的旅游社团组织,正在参与组织暑期到台湾日月潭的夏令营活动,现在需要制作一份关于日月潭的演示文稿。根据以下要求,并参考“参考图片.docx”文件中的样例效果,完成演示文稿的制作。演示文稿包含8张幻灯片,第1张版式为“标题幻灯片”,第2、第
ABritishstudyhasfoundthatBvitaminscanreducebrainshrinkageinolderpeoplewithmildmemoryloss.It【B1】______thatBv
最新回复
(
0
)