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  3. Thanks to the protection of the tombs, so secure against the ravages of time if not against the hand of man, we possess a more c

Thanks to the protection of the tombs, so secure against the ravages of time if not against the hand of man, we possess a more c

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问题     Thanks to the protection of the tombs, so secure against the ravages of time if not against the hand of man, we possess a more complete sampling of Etruscan art in all its forms than we do of any other ancient European culture. Except for the frescoes of Pompeii and Herculaneum, the Etruscan frescoes supply the only insight we have into the techniques of painting in classical civilization. It is in southern Etruria, where the tombs were cut in the rock, that these frescoes are preserved. They are intact at least until the tomb is opened, whereupon deterioration begins. Fortunately it is now possible to remove the paintings from the walls and take them to the safety of the museum.
    The Etruscan painter used pleasantly simple mineral colors that be laid on a fresh layer of plaster applied to the rock wall. With large, uninterrupted surfaces to work on, he was prompted to make complex pictorial compositions. But his purpose is always clear. Enclosed forever in the tomb, his pictures were to evoke for the deceased the joys of life. The dead man’s occupation, which he intended to resume in the afterlife, is often depicted. Scenes of banquets and feasts are frequent. These guaranteed eternal satisfaction and pleasure to the departed; in the happy phrase of tile Belgian scholar Franz Cumont, "the ghost of a diner could be nourished by the appearance of food." The frescoes also perpetuated the pleasant hours of sports, games and dances. When Etruria came on difficult times, the funerary frescoes took on a more somber tone: the features of the departed, which were formerly peaceful, were expressions of anxiety and even of anguish.
    Etruscan sculptors preferred to work in clay or bronze rather than in stone. They were particularly fond of the bas-relief, in which they produced delightfully animated figures framed in elegant arabesques. Their forte, however, was the portrait. The art of portraiture had deep funerary significance: it furnished a faithful image of the deceased to aid his survival in the other life. Frequently, in the seventh century B. C. , the portrait of the deceased formed the lid of the crematory urn. Portraiture reached its peak in the last centuries of Etruscan civilization, when the characteristic Etruscan flair for detail, for the unusual, found its fullest expression.
The frescoes of Pompeii and Herculaneum are able to give us an insight into the techniques of painting in classical civilization because ______.
选项 A、they were sealed off for centuries when Vesuvius erupted
B、they were cut in the rocks
C、they used simple mineral colors
D、they preserved ancient religious rites
答案A
解析 庞培和赫丘莱尼厄姆的壁画能使我们洞察古代文明中的绘画技巧，因为到维苏威火山爆发时，它们一直处于封闭的状态。根据第一段可以推断，在维苏威火山爆发之前，庞培和赫丘莱尼厄姆两地的壁画也保存完好，能使我们洞察古代文明中的绘画技巧。
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