2. 外语
  3. A single status may have multiple roles attached to it, constituting a role set. Consider the status of a patient in a hospital.

A single status may have multiple roles attached to it, constituting a role set. Consider the status of a patient in a hospital.

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问题     A single status may have multiple roles attached to it, constituting a role set. Consider the status of a patient in a hospital. The status involves the sick role; another role as the peer of other patients; still another role as the "appreciative" receiver of the gifts and attention of friends and family members; one role as a consumer of newspapers, magazines, and other small items purchased from a hospital attendant; and a role as acquaintance of a number of friendly hospital personnel. Or consider your status as a family member. Your status includes a variety of roles, for example, parent and child, uncle, spouse, and cousin. Clearly, a role does not exist in a social vacuum; it is a bundle of activities that are connected with the activities of other people. For this reason there can be no professors without students, no husbands without wives, no whites without nonwhites, and no lawyers without clients.
    Roles affect us as sets of norms that define our duties the actions others can legitimately insist that we perform, and our right the actions we can legitimately insist that others perform. Every role has at least one reciprocal role attached to it; the rights of one role are the duties of the other role. As we have noted, we have a social niche for the sick. Sick people have rights our society says they do not have to function in usual ways until they get well. But sick people also have the duty to get well and "not enjoy themselves too much." The sick role also entails an appeal to another party the physician. The physician must perceive the patient as trying to get well this is the physician’s right and the patient’s duty. And the patient must see the doctor as sincere the patient’s right and the physician’s duty. It should come as no surprise that the quality of medical care falters when patient and physician role expectations break down.
    One way that people are linked in groups is through networks of reciprocal roles. Role relationships tie us to one another because the rights of one end of the relationship are the duties of the other. People experience these stable relationships as social structure a hospital, a college, a family, a gang, an army, and soon.
A role is best defined in its relation to_____.
选项 A、another status
B、its obligation
C、other roles
D、its importance
答案C
解析 细节理解题。正如第一段所阐明的，角色的存在不是孤立的。它存在于与其他角色的联系中。第二段又指出，每个角色至少有一个相应的角色与之相联。第三段指出，角色关系将社会中的个体联成诸个角色网，构成相对稳定的社会单位。由此可见，某个角色仅存在于同其他角色的相互关系中。A意为： “另一个身份”。第一段前四句，status对于role来说表达一个综合概念，即：一个status是诸多个role的集合。B意为“它的义务”。从对本题正确答案C的分析可以看出，B表达的意思不全面：某一角色的义务仅代表它一方面的特征。
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