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  3. Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan’s car makers. He’s a young (34) , successful executive at an internet-servi

Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan’s car makers. He’s a young (34) , successful executive at an internet-servi

admin2011-03-10  28
问题    Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan’s car makers. He’s a young (34) , successful executive at an internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable income. He used to own Toyota’s Hilux Surf, a sport utility vehicle. But now he uses mostly subways and trains. "It’s not inconvenient at all," he says. Besides, "having a car is so 20th century. "
   Suda reflects a worrisome trend in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, particularly among the young, who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic gadgets. While minicars and luxury foreign brands are still popular, everything in between is slipping. Last year sales fell 6.7 percent—7.6 percent if you don’t count the minicar market. There have been larger one-year drops in other nations: sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007 thanks to a tax hike. But analysts say Japan is unique in that sales have been eroding steadily over time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007.
   Alarmed by this state of decay, the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association launched a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found a widening wealth gap, demographic changes—fewer households with children, a growing urban population—and general lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their vehieles longer, replace their cars with smaller ones or give up car ownership altogether. "Japan’s automobile society stands at a crossroads," says Ryuichi Kitamura, a transport expert and professor at Kyoto University. He says he does not expect the trend to be reversed, as studies show that the younger Japanese consumers are, the less interested they are in having a car. JAMA predicts a further sales decline of 1.2 percent in 2008. Some analysts believe that if the trend continues for much longer, further consolidation in the automotive sector (already under competitive pressure) is likely.
   Japanese demographics have something to do with the problem. The country’s urban population has grown by nearly 20 percent since 1990, and most city dwellers use mass transit (the country’s system is one of the best developed in the world) on a daily basis, making it less essential to own a car. Experts say Europe, where the car market is also quite mature, may" be in for a similar shift.
   But in Japan, the "demotorization"process, or kuruma banare, is also driven by cost factors. Owning and driving a car can cost up to $500 per month in Japan, including parking fees, car insurance, toll roads and various taxes. Taxes on a $17, 000 ear in Japan are 4.1 times higher than in the United States, 1.7 times higher than in Germany and 1.25 times higher than in the U. K. , according to JAMA. "’Automobiles used to represent a symbol of our status, a Western, modern lifestyle that we aspired for," says Kitamura. For today’s young people, he argues, "such thinking is completely gone. "
   Cars are increasingly just a mobile utility; the real consumer time and effort goes into picking the coolest mobile phones and personal computers, not the hippest hatchback. The rental-car industry has grown by more than 30 percent in the past eight years, as urbanites book weekend wheels over the Internet. Meanwhile, government surveys show that spending on cars per household per year fell by 14 percent, to $600, between 2000 and 2005, while spending on Net and mobile-phone subscriptions rose by 39 percent, to $1,500, during the same period.
   For Japanese car companies, the implications are enormous. "Japan is the world’s second largest market, with a 17 to 18 percent share of our global sales. It’s important," says Takao Katagiri, corporate vice president at Nissan Motor Co. The domestic market is where Japanese carmakers develop technology and build their know-how, and if it falters, it could gut an industry that employs 7.8 percent of the Japanese work force.
   While surging exports, particularly to emerging markets, have more than offset the decline in domestic sales so far, companies are looking for ways to turn the tide. Nissan, for example, is trying to appeal to the digital generation with promotional blogs and even a videogame. A racing game for Sony’s PlayStation, for example, offers players the chance to virtually drive the company’s latest sporty model, the GT-R—a new marketing approach to create buzz and tempt them into buying cars. Toyota Motors has opened an auto mall as part of a suburban shopping complex near Tokyo, hoping to attract the kinds of shoppers who have long since stopped thinking about dropping by a car dealership. It’s a bit akin to the Apple strategy of moving electronics out of the soulless superstore, and into more appealing and well-trafficked retail spaces. It worked for Apple, but then Apple is so 21st century.
Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?
选项 A、Highly-developed mass transit in Japan and less mature mass transit in Europe.
B、Decreasing spending on cars and increasing expenditure on net and mobile-phones.
C、Declining sales of cars in Japan since 1990 and a tax hike in Germany in 2007.
D、The latest electronic gadgets and the booming rental-car industry.
答案B
解析 细节题。文章在第六段中指出，government surveys show that…to $1，500，during the same period。由此可知，消费者每年在汽车上的开销减少，而同期花在互联网和使用手机上的开销却在增长，这正是日本汽车销量减少的重要原因之一，故[B]为答案。文章虽然在第四段提及日本是世界公交系统最发达的国家之一，但并没有提及欧洲公交系统相对较不发达，故排除[A]。而[C]提及的日本自1990年汽车销量的下降与2007年德国大幅调高税收没有可比性，故排除。[D]提及的最新电子产品与日益繁荣的汽车租赁业也不具可比性，故排除。  
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