2. 外语
  3. In early April a series of reports appeared online in the United States and the United Kingdom lamenting (痛惜) the "lazy French".

In early April a series of reports appeared online in the United States and the United Kingdom lamenting (痛惜) the "lazy French".

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问题     In early April a series of reports appeared online in the United States and the United Kingdom lamenting (痛惜) the "lazy French". A new labor law in France had apparently banned organizations from e-mailing their employees after 6 p. m. In fact, it turned out to be more a case of "lazy journalists" than "lazy French" : as The Economist explained, the "law" was not a law at all but a labor agreement aimed at improving health among a specific group of professionals, and there wasn’t even a hard curfew (宵禁) for digital communication.
    Brits and Americans have long suspected that the French (and others) are goofing off while they— the good corporate soldiers—continue to work pretty hard. They’re proud of it, too. A Gallup poll, released in May, found that most U. S. workers see their constant connection with officemates as a positive. In the age of the smartphone, there’s no such thing as " downtime" , and we profess to be happier—and more productive —for it.
    Are we, though? After reviewing thousands of books, articles and papers on the topic and interviewing dozens of experts in fields from neurobiology and psychology to education and literature, I don’t think so. When we accept this new and permanent ambient (外界的) workload—checking business news in bed or responding to coworkers’ emails during breakfast—we may believe that we are dedicated, tireless workers. But, actually, we’re mostly just getting the small, easy things done. Being busy does not equate to being effective.
    And let’s not forget about ambient play, which often distracts us from accomplishing our most important tasks. Facebook and Twitter report that their sites are the most active during office hours. After all, the employee who’s required to respond to her boss on Sunday morning will think nothing of responding to friends on Wednesday afternoon. And research shows that these digital derailments (出轨 ) are costly: it’s not only the minutes lost responding to a tweet but also the time and energy required to " reenter" the original task. As Douglas Gentile, a professor at Iowa State University who studies the effects of media on attention spans, explains, " Everyone who thinks they’re good at multitasking is wrong. We’re actually multiswitching and giving ourselves extra work. "
    Some parts of the workforce do rely on constant real-time communication. But others should demand and be given proper breaks from the digital maelstrom (大漩涡). Batch-processing email is one easy solution. Do it a few times a day and reserve the rest of your time for real work. Most colleagues and clients will survive without a response for three hours, and if it’s truly urgent, they can pick up the phone.
    I don’t advocate abstinence (禁戒) or blanket rules like that fictional post-6 p. m. email ban. However, I do think our zeal of connectivity has gone too far. We can’t keep falling prey to ambient work or play. Instead, we must actively decide on our level of tech engagement at different times to maximize productivity, success, and happiness.
It can be inferred from Douglas Gentile’s explanation that employees________.
选项 A、like to visit Facebook and Twitter during office hours
B、wouldn’t waste much work time when responding to a tweet
C、can do their jobs well while visiting websites
D、devote more energy to shifting from websites to work
答案D
解析 推理判断题。定位句指出，道格拉斯·金泰尔解释说：所有认为自己擅长多重任务处理的人都错了。我们实际上是在多重任务之间转换，并给自己增加了额外的工作。由该段的前几句可知，这里的“多重任务”就是指上网和工作。因此，从“给自己增加了额外的工作”可以推出，员工在从上网转换到工作时，付出了更多的精力，故答案为D)。A)“员工喜欢在办公时间浏览脸谱网和推特”，该段第二句提到，脸谱网和推特称其网站在办公时间最为活跃，因此不用通过道格拉斯·金泰尔的解释就能知道员工喜欢在办公时间浏览脸谱网和推特，故排除；B)“员工回复一条微博不会浪费很多工作时问”，该段最后一部分提到，研究表明这些数字化出轨行为的代价很高：损失的不仅仅是回复一条微博的时间，而且还有“重返”原任务所需的时间和精力，由此可知，回复微博会浪费很多时间，该选项是对原文的曲解，故排除；C)“员工在浏览网站的同时能做好他们的工作”，该段最后表明，员工并不能在浏览网站的同时兼顾工作，他们只是在浏览网站和工作之间切换，该选项与原文的表述相反，故排除。
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