Hippocrates has been regarded as the father of ______.

Today’s lecture will include the most outstanding achievements in biology as it relates to the medical sciences.
   Early in Greek history, Hippocrates. who lived from 460 to 370 BC, began to study the human body and to apply scientific methods to the problems of diagnosis and the treatment of diseases.’ He kept careful records of symptoms and treatments, indicating the success or failure of the patient’s cure. He has been recognized as the father of modern medicine
   About a century later, Aristotle began a scientific study of plants and animals, classifying more than five hundred types on the basis of body structure. Because of his great contribution to the field, Aristotle has been called the father of biology.
   During the Middle Ages, scientific method was scorned in favor of alchemy. Some scientists were even imprisoned for carrying out their investigations.
   Thus, medicine and biology had advanced very little from the time of the ancients until the seventeenth century when the English physician and anatomist William Harvery discovered a mechanism for the circulation of the blood in the body.
   By the end of the eighteenth century, Edward Jenner had discovered a vaccine against smallpox. His contribution not only controlled the disease itself, but also established the science of immunization
   Louis Pasteur’s theories about germs and bacteria advanced in the nineteenth century are considered by many to be the greatest single contribution of biology to medicine. Within a few decades, the causes were isolated for such ancient diseases as leprosy, plague, diphtheria, and tuberculosis.
   But the advances of the twentieth century in curative and preventive medicine and biology are far more numerous than all other periods combined. Consider that the sterilization of surgical instruments, largely the idea of Sir Joseph Lister, is a process only 75 years old. Sulfur drugs. antibiotics. ad X-rays are discoveries of the past 50 years.