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  3. In a game the moves are set up beforehand. In a non-game situation the moves are supposed to arise out of events as these develo

In a game the moves are set up beforehand. In a non-game situation the moves are supposed to arise out of events as these develo

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问题     In a game the moves are set up beforehand. In a non-game situation the moves are supposed to arise out of events as these develop. A girl wants to encourage her boyfriend so she pretends to be busy when he phones her or she pretends that someone else is courting her.【F1】A young child who is reluctant to go to bed deliberately spills milk from a cup onto the carpet so that the ensuing fuss and scolding the immediacy of his bedtime will be forgotten. Diplomats at a conference make a great fuss over the shape of the table as they play the procedural game.【F2】An agent selling the film rights in a first novel casually mentions other parties who have shown an interest in buying the rights. A hostess deliberately places a seductive lady next to a husband with a jealous wife. Union negotiators go through a ritual of complains before setting down to discuss the current issue.
    The characteristic of a game is that a sequence of moves are recognizable as part of the game. The game may be played very seriously; it may also be played for a purpose rather than as an end in itself. Nevertheless each move in the sequence is determined by the requirements of the game rather than the realities of the situation itself.【F3】Someone who is aware that a game is being played sits back and waits for the game to be played out. Someone who is not aware that it is a game gets involved and manipulated by the games player who knows the moves of the game better. It is this expertise in the moves of the game which makes it worth playing. If the player knows, from long experience, the moves, reactions and counter-moves then he only has to entice the other person to play the game to achieve success. If the situation works it out naturally neither side has an advantage. But if one side sets up a game with which only he is familiar then that side immediately acquires the advantage of skill and fore-knowledge.
    A good games player not only knows how to make the next move, he can think one, two or three moves ahead. This is extremely difficult for an inexperienced player.【F4】Thus the player who sets up a familiar game can lay traps several moves ahead with very little chance of the opponent noticing what is being done.
    【F5】Just as a philosopher will always try to run an argument according to his own definitions so a games player will always try to make an opponent play his special game.  
【F5】
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答案正如哲学家总是试图按照他自己的定义来展开辩论一样，玩家也总是试图让对方跟他玩由他自己特别设计的游戏。
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