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  3. 　　Insects are disappearing. The world has 25 percent fewer terrestrial insects now than in 1990. This includes those we rely on

　　Insects are disappearing. The world has 25 percent fewer terrestrial insects now than in 1990. This includes those we rely on

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问题 　　Insects are disappearing. The world has 25 percent fewer terrestrial insects now than in 1990. This includes those we rely on to pollinate our crops and clean our rivers. If we don’t solve this problem very soon, some species will disappear. There are many causes for the insect decline, but insecticides are a major part of the problem. Those used today are longer lasting and up to 10,000 times more toxic than some that were banned in the 1970s.【C1】_______________________.
　　Overall, the amount of pesticide applied to the land is decreasing, but this is a grossly misleading statistic. A recent paper found that, between 2005 and 2015, there was a 40 per cent
　　reduction in the  amount of pesticide applied to crops measured by weight.【C2】_______________________. Governments and regulating agencies are aware of the problem, and some parts of the world have moved to ban the use of certain insecticides outdoors in an attempt to help bees survive. But the pesticides used instead are just as toxic.
　　One often-touted approach is to use pesticide-free pest control methods. These varied techniques are gathered under the name of integrated pest management (IPM) and have been around for decades. They offer effective crop protection and include methods such as crop rotation and the use of natural predators. But their adoption has been incredibly slow, because spraying pesticides is viewed as an easier option. As a result, IPM methods are unfortunately seldom used today.【C3】_______________________. We argue instead that we need a subtle shift in focus, away from killing pests and towards protecting crops.
　　Currently, products are developed and marketed to kill pest insects immediately. But the real goal of pesticide use isn’t to wipe out insects, it is just to protect crops to secure food production. We have found that using just a fraction of the concentrations applied today stops insects feeding on crops.
　　【C4】_______________________. This low dose is the equivalent of an antimosquito spray: it repels mosquitoes so they don’t bite you. Whether the mosquito is alive or not doesn’t matter, either way you have received protection.
　　【C5】_______________________. Farmers know that a handful of insects don’t cause problems, it is when they reproduce that trouble comes. We have found that much less insecticide is needed to prevent insects from reproducing than is needed to kill them.
　　By using the minimal dose we need to protect crops, we could reduce the amount of insecticide to a fraction of what is used today. Farmers would benefit from these changes. They would spend less money on pesticides and improve crop production by keeping healthy pollinator insects about. Reducing insecticide doses won’t solve the insect decline problem, but it is a move that could win us time to make food production more sustainable and reconcile farmlands and the natural ecosystems we crucially depend on.
[A] This has become the goal of crop treatments, and the death of the insect is considered the proof that a treatment works.
[B] Similarly, we don’t need to kill all pest insects in a crop: we just need to reduce the population enough to ensure that it causes no important economic damage.
[C] Adding to the problem is that these pesticides are now applied to crops prophylactically and used whether pests are present or not.
[D] But because modern insecticides are so much more toxic, the global toxicity of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period.
[E] At these reduced concentrations, there would be a lot less insecticide leaching into the environment, so less harm to beneficial insects.
[F] Often, they are first treated with fungicides that also happen to be toxic to insects and then treated again with an insecticide which is like killing one bird with two stones.
[G] Neither changing insecticides nor shifting to IPM is a quick fix.
【C2】
选项
答案[D]
解析   本题之前提到“Overall，the amount of pesticide applied to the land is decreasing，but this is a grossly misleading statistic”“总的来说，施用在土地上的杀虫剂数量正在减少，但这是一个严重误导人的统计数字”。由此可知，虽然杀虫剂的使用量在减少，但是其副作用并没有减少：此外在后文中Governments and regulating agencies are aware of the problem“政府和监管机构意识到了这个问题”也说明减少使用杀虫剂不能完全解决问题，其副作用仍然很大。只有选项[D]“But because modern insecticides are so much more toxic，the global toxicity of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period”“但由于现代杀虫剂的毒性要大得多，同一时期，经过处理的土地对传粉昆虫的毒性在全球范围内增加了一倍多”的内容与之呼应。故本题选择选项[D]。
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