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  3. How to Solve the Problem of Childhood Obesity in the United States The proportion of children in America who are overweight

How to Solve the Problem of Childhood Obesity in the United States The proportion of children in America who are overweight

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问题             How to Solve the Problem of Childhood Obesity in the United States
    The proportion of children in America who are overweight has tripled over the past 20 years and now exceeds 17% , according to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The health problems that this causes include hypertension and type-2 diabetes, formerly known only among the nation’s overweight adult population. A group sponsored by the National Institute on Ageing has warned that this may be the first generation ever to have a shorter lifespan than their parents.
    All the while, the proportion of children who take part in daily exercise at high school has dropped from 42% in 1991 to only 28% in 2004, according to the CDC. Snacking has greatly increased; the Government Accountability Office (GAO) found in 2003 that 99% of America’s high schools now sell snacks and other food as well as providing lunches.
    In an attempt to get the problem tackled at local level, Congress in 2004 passed an act directing school districts that get money from the national school-lunch programme to create "wellness" policies by the start of the 2006~2007 school year. The districts were told to set standards for nutrition, physical activity and education about good food, then make sure that schools actually implement them. One year after the deadline, the results are haphazard. School districts’ plans range from a few paragraphs long to more than 25 pages. Some states, like Texas and Arkansas, have pre-emptively set standards for school districts under their authority, forcing schools to ban fizzy drinks and junk food while increasing the amount of exercise the pupils take. Others offer guidelines rather than mandates, with no punishments for schools that don’t comply. And in some areas, schools are being eased into change very slowly. Oregon’s legislature passed a bill in June that gives its schools ten years to meet its new physical-education requirements.
    Last October the School Nutrition Association (SNA), a pressure group, analysed health policies from the 100 largest school districts in the country, which account for almost a quarter of the nation’s primary-and secondary-school students. Many districts had indeed created guidelines for nutrition education, physical activity and school food, as required, but the rules tended to be fairly broad. Some policies merely defaulted to the state recommendations and some to the federal government’s minimal requirements. The physical-activity guidelines were also varied; only 62% of schools made physical education obligatory. Action for Healthy Kids, another schools oriented NGO, also looked at a smattering of policies last year. Of the 112 districts it analysed, only 30% specified a time requirement for physical-education classes and 42% offered only general guidelines for the sort of food and drink allowed to be sold in the schools. Cafeterias where nachos, French fries and cookies are tucked alongside and fresh fruit do not encourage children to eat well.
The author intends to show in the second paragragh______.
选项 A、overweight is concerned with food and lack of exercises
B、fewer and fewer children are doing daily exercises nowadays
C、high schools shouldn’t provide students snacks for lunch
D、the results of the investigations on high schools by CDC and GAO
答案A
解析 推理判断题。根据题干关键词second paragragh定位到原文第二段，该段承上启下，第一段主要讲述了美国儿童肥胖比例上升，该段主要讲了参加日常锻炼的孩子的比率下降，喜欢吃零食的现象日益增多；后面几段又讲了加强体育教育和健康饮食的一些措施。由此可知，作者阐述此段的目的是因为饮食与缺乏锻炼和肥胖率增加有关，故选[A]项。[B]项“如今越来越少的儿童每日进行锻炼”和[D]项“CDC和GAO对中学的调查结果”，属事实，非作者态度。[C]项“中学不应该向学生提供零食允当午餐”未提及。
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