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  3. (1) A fast-food restaurant within about 500 feet of a school may lead to at least a 5 percent increase in the overweight rate at

(1) A fast-food restaurant within about 500 feet of a school may lead to at least a 5 percent increase in the overweight rate at

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问题     (1) A fast-food restaurant within about 500 feet of a school may lead to at least a 5 percent increase in the overweight rate at that school, according to a study released on Friday.
    (2) The study, conducted by economists at Columbia University and the University California, Berkeley, suggests that "a ban on fast foods in the immediate proximity of schools could have a sizable effect on obesity rates among affected students."
    (3) The researchers looked at how proximity to the restaurants affected obesity rates among 3 million ninth graders at California schools, and more than 1 million pregnant women in Michigan, New Jersey and Texas. They focused on the ninth graders, typically about 14 years old, in part because the students get a fitness test in the spring—about 30 weeks after starting school and exposure to fast food. The study, released by the American Association of Wine Economists, showed that "the presence of a fast-food restaurant within a tenth of a mile of a school is associated with at least a 5.2 percent increase in the obesity rate in that school." It also found that pregnant women who lived within a tenth of a mile of a fast-food restaurant had "a 4.4 percent increase in the probability of gaining over 20 kilos (44 pounds)."
    (4) The study follows one presented last month at an American Stroke Association conference. Researchers from the University of Michigan found people who live in neighborhoods packed with fast-food restaurants are more likely to suffer strokes.
    (5) In December, a study found that youth who study within a half mile from a fast-food outlet eat fewer fruit and vegetables, drink more soda and are more likely to be obese than students at other schools.
    (6) Janet Currie, lead researcher of the wine economists’ study, said that it might be a good policy to have a fast-food-free zone if fast food near schools causes obesity. "It would not be so different in spirit from existing policies that aim to prohibit soft drinks and junk foods in schools or to improve the quality of school lunch," she said.
    (7) A spokeswoman for Yum! Brands, the parent company of KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Long John Silver’s, declined to comment, saying she had not seen the study. Burger King did not return calls seeking comment. A McDonald’s spokeswoman referred calls to the National Retail Federation, a trade group in Washington.
    (8) "I think it would be a dangerous precedent to limit the types of legitimate, important businesses and where they’re located in a city," federation spokeswoman Ellen Davis said. "Doesn’t it make more sense for parents to limit a child’s allowance or let them know when and where they can’t eat certain things?" Davis added that restaurants have changed their menus in the last five years, especially for children’s meals. "We see many healthy options available—slices of apple, milk instead of sodas... It’s important to note that many chain restaurants have tried to diversify their menus and make them healthier."
According to the passage, which of the following may NOT be the reason for children’s overweight?
选项 A、Eating fewer fruit and vegetables.
B、Being unaware of self-control.
C、School lunch of low quality.
D、Restaurants’ changing menus for children.
答案D
解析 文章最后一段提到，五年前快餐店就改变了儿童餐的菜单，增加了很多健康的选择，说明这一举动对孩子的身材是有积极作用的，D项并非孩子增重的原因，故为答案。第五段中指出，一项研究表明，快餐会导致孩子吃过少的水果、蔬菜以及饮用过多的苏打水从而导致肥胖，故排除A项；最后一段第二句话中戴维斯也强调由于家长对孩子疏于管理，导致了孩子的肥胖，其根本原因还是孩子自控力的缺乏所导致的，故排除B项；从第六段最后一句可以看出，提高校供午餐质量和禁止软饮料以及垃圾食品有相同的作用，所以低质量的校供午餐也是孩子肥胖的原因，C项也不符合题意，故排除。
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