2. 外语
  3. Rarely does it get much more ironic. Marc Hauser,a professor of psychology at Harvard who made his name probing the evolutionary

Rarely does it get much more ironic. Marc Hauser,a professor of psychology at Harvard who made his name probing the evolutionary

admin2013-08-05  32
问题     Rarely does it get much more ironic. Marc Hauser,a professor of psychology at Harvard who made his name probing the evolutionary origins of morality, is suspected of having committed the closest thing academia has to a deadly sin: cheating. It is not the first time the scientific world has been rocked by scandal. But the present furore,involving as it does a prestigious university and one of its star professors, will echo through common rooms and quadrangles far and wide.
    The story broke when the Boston Globe revealed that Dr. Hauser had been under investigation since 2007 for alleged misconduct at Harvard’s Cognitive Evolution Laboratory, which he heads. This investigation has resulted in the retraction of an oft-cited study published in 2002 in Cognition, the publication last month of a correction to a paper from 2007 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, and doubts about the validity of findings published in Science, also in 2007. Dr. Hauser was the only author common to all three papers.
    An article in the Chronicle of Higher Education added further spice. It offered unsettling accounts by anonymous graduate students and research assistants depicting Dr. Hauser as brusquely dismissive of their attempts to discuss possible improprieties in data collection and interpretation.
    This prompted Michael Smith,the hitherto taciturn dean of Harvard’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences, to react. In an open letter to the faculty,he confirmed that an internal investigation had found Dr. Hauser "solely responsible" for eight instances of scientific misconduct, involving the three published papers and five other pieces of research. On the same day,Dr. Hauser, who is on leave and refusing to be interviewed, issued a single contrite statement apologising for having made some "significant mistakes".
    These would not be his first. So far, none of this constitutes conclusive evidence of fraud. Slapdash lab work is not the same as fabricating data and Harvard has kept mum about the precise nature of the charges, citing concerns about privacy. Many researchers, however, fear that this silence itself makes things worse and not just for Dr. Hauser and Harvard. The uncertainty about which of his results(for he has been a prolific researcher)are up to snuff means others in the field are finding it hard to decide what to rely on in their own work. And despite Dr. Hauser’s professed sole responsibility,a sizeable number of his present and former wards may unfairly be tainted by association.
    At the least, then, Dr. Hauser stands accused of setting the study of animal cognition back many years. Trying to discern an animal’s thought processes on the basis of its behaviour is notoriously tricky and subjective at the best of times. Now,his critics fear,no one will take it seriously. As Greg Laden,one of Dr. Hauser’s former colleagues, laments in a blog,"the hubris and selfishness of one person can do more in the form of damage than an entire productive career can do in the way of building of our collective credibility. "
    Others are less depressed, warning against conflating scientific misconduct with difficult science. One corner-cutting researcher does not impugn a whole field. Clive Wynne, editor of Behavioural Processes, which published an "obsessively" immaculate paper by Dr. Hauser three days before the Globe’s revelations,says he is struck by how meticulous recent research in his discipline has been.
    In general,scientists see themselves better placed than most to weed out cheats. The more startling a paper’s claims, the more likely it is that others will try to replicate it and, if the claims were plausible, fail. Moreover,scientists want their work to be replicated; it is the only way it will stand the test of time, observes Robert Seyfarth,a primatologist and Dr. Mauser’s former mentor.
    Many researchers cite Harvard’s probe as further proof of science’s self-correcting mechanisms, and praise students for doughtily standing up to an authority figure of Dr. Hauser’s distinction. Gerry Altmann, editor of Cognition, agrees, adding: "Although at the time it might appear that each transgression is major,its eventual impact on science is minor. "
It can be inferred from the passage that
选项 A、Dr. Hauser’s misconduct was probably disclosed by his students.
B、researchers often tend to startle the public with unexpected claims.
C、Dr. Hauser’s published papers were considered too good to be true.
D、according to Gerry Altmann, Dr. Hauser’s influence will disappear.
答案A
解析 推断题。末段首句指出，从“学生勇敢地挑战Hauser博士盛名下的权威形象”可以得出[A]，故为答案。倒数第二段第二句的含义是“一篇论文发表的结论越是令人震惊，其他人就越有可能去重复这篇论文的实验结论，如果结论是站不住脚的，这篇论文就是失败之作。”，由此无法得出[B]，排除该项；倒数第三段末句指出“《行为过程》期刊在《波士顿环球报》披露丑闻的前三天刊登了Hauser博士一篇‘过分’准确的论文”，这里只涉及一篇论文，不是papers，排除[C]；末段最后一句含义是“尽管在当时似乎每一个不端行为都是重大的，但是它最终对科学的影响是微小的”，也与“Hauser的影响力消失”含义完全不同，排除[D]。
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