首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
There is a common misconception that the single most important factor in science and development is the need for adequate fundin
There is a common misconception that the single most important factor in science and development is the need for adequate fundin
admin
2016-10-15
38
问题
There is a common misconception that the single most important factor in science and development is the need for adequate funding for relevant research. This type of thinking—sometimes described as the "science push" model of development—tends to focus on the proportion of a country’s gross national product spent on research and development.
But spending on research is part of
a broader picture
. An arguably larger role is played by government policies affecting the practical application of scientific knowledge. This usually involves embedding such knowledge in technological products and processes, what is widely described as "technology transfer".
Technology transfer has in the past often been
demonised
in many development policy circles as a process by which multinational corporations become rich at the expense of poor countries—selling them products they cannot afford and keeping them politically subservient by refusing to license technical know-how.
But as developing countries have become increasingly integrated into a single global economy, such thinking has changed.
For regions like East Asia or Latin America, effective technology transfer, tapping into the scientific and technical knowledge of not only researchers in the North, but increasingly their own, is now recognised as essential to economic growth and social prosperity.
One important theme to emerge is that technology transfer has become a complex business, with many different actors. But, just as important, is the fact that society’ s poorest sectors are often forgotten in technology transfer debates. Debates raised by the poverty gap between rich and poor countries are being replaced by concerns about the gap within developing countries themselves.
This should come as little surprise. In practice, the private sector tends to provide the most widely used channels for technology transfer. This is largely because the most effective mechanism for promoting rapid technology innovation is the market, with incentives for entrepreneurs and rewards, through patents, for inventors.
But governments still share substantial responsibility for making technology transfer work effectively and in the national interest. They must, for example, invest in the capital and intellectual infrastructure needed for smooth technology transfer. This includes investing in university-based research and training, to ensure that a country has the knowledge and skills it needs to not only acquire but also use new technologies.
Governments also need to regulate all transferred technologies—these should not just be useful, but socially acceptable as well. Governments must develop public institutions that can make such a judgement, either by adopting international criteria(on safety levels, for example)or by developing criteria of their own.
The word "demonise"(Line 1, Paragraph 3)most probably means______.
选项
A、regard
B、blacken
C、interpret
D、recognize
答案
B
解析
根据第三段中的“by which multinational corporations become rich at the expense of poorcountries--selling them products they cannot afford and keeping them politically subservient byrefusing to license technical know-how”可知,此处“demonise”的意思是“丑化”。所以,B应为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/AgT7FFFM
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Americanschoolsaren’texactlyfrozenintime,butconsideringthepaceofchangeinotherareasoflife,ourpublicschoolste
Anecdotalevidencehaslongheldthatcreativityinartistsandwriterscanbeassociatedwithlivinginforeignparts.Rudyard
Anecdotalevidencehaslongheldthatcreativityinartistsandwriterscanbeassociatedwithlivinginforeignparts.Rudyard
Forthepastfiveyears,Dr.StephenPosthasbeenfundingresearchprojectsthattesthowaltruism(selflessness),compassion,
Theclean-energybusinessisturningintothenextbiginvestmentboom,inwhichrisksarelightlyignored.Untilrecently,reca
Aspeopleinrichcountriesknowverywell,eatingtoomuchfoodandburningtoofewcaloriesiswhyasubstantialnumberofus
AlisonPrestonoftheUniversityofTexasatAustin’sCenterforLearningandMemoryexplains:Ashort-termmemory’sconversiont
Prewritingreferstostrategiesyoucanusetogenerateideasbeforestartingthefirstdraftofapaper.Prewritingtechniques
Prewritingreferstostrategiesyoucanusetogenerateideasbeforestartingthefirstdraftofapaper.Prewritingtechniques
AstudyofhowolderteenagersusesocialmediahasfoundthatFacebookis"notjustontheslide,itisbasicallydeadandburi
随机试题
请简述柔性的含义。
试述抗精神瘸药引起的恶性症候群的主要临床特征、诊断依据及处理。
关于性轴的描述下列哪项是错误的:
对蓝紫色敏感的胶片是
关于劳动关系的建立,下列说法错误的是()。
追偿权是我国国家赔偿制度的组成部分,但追偿权的行使必须具备一定的条件。下列选项中哪些是行使追偿权的条件?()
一种学习中所习得的一般原理、原则和态度对另一种具体内容学习的影响,这种迁移是()。
AGoalsBHistoryofWomen’sRightsMovementCStartofWomen’sRightsMovementDTraditionalStatusofWomenERights
Aconsumerwalksintoastore.Hestandsinfrontofhundredsofboxesoflaundrydetergent.Hechoosesonebrand,paysforit,
Nowtheweather【T1】________.It’samixedpictureofthenextfewdays.【T2】________.Youcanseefromthe【T3】________thatthehi
最新回复
(
0
)