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  3. For many years, colleges and universities across the United States have sought to increase the numbers of African American, Hisp

For many years, colleges and universities across the United States have sought to increase the numbers of African American, Hisp

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问题     For many years, colleges and universities across the United States have sought to increase the numbers of African American, Hispanic and Native American students who pursue scientific careers. Yet the College Board reported in 1999 that underrepresentation of minority students had become even "more intractable".
    African Americans now constitute 12 percent of the U.S. population yet earned only one percent of the doctorates in 1997. Hispanics make up 11 percent of the population but earned 0.9 percent of the 1997 doctorates. Although the numbers of African American and Hispanic students earning bachelor’s degrees in 1996—1997 hit an all-time high, there was a decline in those entering graduate school, according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Native Americans also remain underrepresented in the sciences.
    Despite the best of intentions, many programs designed to prepare minority undergraduates for advanced scientific training have had uneven results. Some have been unclear about whether their goal is to produce scientists or just to help minority students graduate. Others have been inadequately funded or lacked institutional commitment; many have never been evaluated rigorously.
    Some programs do succeed in helping minority students graduate and pursue scientific careers. Examples include programs at Xavier University of Louisiana, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County(UMBC). Although different in important respects, these programs share key features, such as clearly articulated objectives, strong institutional commitment, effective mentors and an emphasis on building community among participants.
    All are being carried out in a legal environment that has become increasingly complex. The University of California, for example, now operates under a state law that forbids using state funds for special programs for minority students. In other states, court cases have led colleges and universities to redesign or even drop such programs. HHMI has assisted thousands of minority students through its undergraduate biological sciences education program by awarding more than $476 million to 232 colleges and universities. In 1998, it began requiring its grantees to certify that they are complying with all relevant laws in the conduct of these programs.
    Eugene Cota-Robles, cochair of the task force that commissioned the College Board report, says colleges and universities must do more to help minority students become scientific leaders. "Up to now, everyone working on the pipeline approach has been thinking that bringing more students into college would solve the problem," he says. Cota-Robles, a professor emeritus of biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz, calls for more effort to help minority students move beyond the bachelor’s degree.
The number of African-American and Hispanic students entering graduate programs in science______.
选项 A、was at an all-time high in 1996—1997
B、is about the same as those earning undergraduate degrees in science
C、is not proportional to their representation in the population
D、is comparable to figures for Native American students
答案C
解析 属事实细节题。相关信息在第二段第一、二句：现在，非洲裔美国人占美国总人口的12％，但1997年他们获得的博士学位只占1％。西班牙裔美国人占人口的11％，1997年获得的博士学位只占O．9％。由此可见，选项C正确(proportional意为“成比例的”)。选项A、B与第二段第三句不符：1996、1997年获得学士学位的非洲裔、西班牙裔美国学生的数量创了历史新高，但进入研究生院的学生人数减少了。选项D在文中找不到数字支持。
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