There’s no question that future leaders will need constant coaching. As the business environment becomes more complex, they will

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问题     There’s no question that future leaders will need constant coaching. As the business environment becomes more complex, they will increasingly turn to coaches for help in understanding how to act. The kind of coaches I am talking about will do more than influence behaviors; they will be an essential part of the leader’s learning process, providing knowledge,   opinions, and judgment in critical areas. These coaches will be retired CEOs or other experts from universities, think tanks, and government.
    Clearly, this is not a description of what most coaches do today. What we think of as coaching is generally a service to middle managers provided by entrepreneurs with a background in consulting, psychology, or human resources. This kind of coaching became popular over the past five years because companies faced a shortage of talent and were concerned about turnover among key employees. Firms wanted to signal their commitment to developing their high-potential executives, so they hired coaches. Meanwhile, businesspeople needed to develop not just quantitative capabilities but also people-oriented skills, and many coaches are helpful for that. As coaching has become more common, any stigma attached to receiving it at the individual level has disappeared. Now, it is often considered a badge of honor.
    The coaching industry will remain fragmented until a few partnerships build a brand, collect stellar people, weed out those who are not so good, and create a reputation for outstanding work. Some coaching groups are evolving in this direction, but most are still small firms specializing in, for example, administering and interpreting 360-degree evaluations. To get beyond this level, the industry badly needs a leader who can define the profession and create a serious firm in the way that Marvin Bower did when he invented the modern professional management consultancy in the form of McKinsey & Company.
    A big problem that tomorrow’s professional coaching firm must resolve is the difficulty of measuring performance, as the coaches themselves point out in the survey. I’m aware of no research that has followed coached executives over long periods; most of the evidence around effectiveness remains unproved. My sense is that the positive stories outnumber the negative ones—but as the industry matures, coaching firms will need to be able to demonstrate how they bring about change, as well as offer a clear methodology for measuring results.
    Despite the recession, I agree with most survey respondents that the demand for coaching will not contract in the long term. The big developing economies are going to have a tremendous appetite for it because management there is very youthful. University graduates are coming into jobs at 23 years old and finding that their bosses are all of 25, with the experience to match.
McKinsey & Company is mentioned in Paragraph 3

选项 A、to emphasize the role of Marvin Bower played.
B、as the target for the fragmented coaching industry.
C、to show it is the modern professional consultancy.
D、as a proof of what a good leader Marvin Bower is.

答案B

解析 第三段第三句说到“要突破这种水平,咨询行业急需一个像马文.鲍尔那样的领导,而马文.鲍尔建立了麦肯锡公司”,即麦肯锡公司的模式正是突破咨询业现有水平的典范,故选B。原文提及麦肯锡公司,要强调的不是马文.鲍尔的角色,而是他“建立严格意义上的咨询公司”这一做法应该效仿,A项及D项强调了马文.鲍尔的角色或地位,侧重点有偏差,排除。麦肯锡公司确实是现代的专业咨询公司,但原文提及这个公司。目的是第三句所说的To get beyond this level“为突破现有水准”,C项只是原文陈述的一个事实,排除。
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