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  3. [A]Fashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different from custom which, by comparison, is static. This is due to

[A]Fashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different from custom which, by comparison, is static. This is due to

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问题    [A]Fashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different from custom which, by comparison, is static. This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation. In a class society, the upper classes or so-called social elites are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately subjacent to them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure.
   [B]Nevertheless, the movement of fashion is an important form of collective behavior. First, it should be noted that the fashion movement is a genuine expressive movement. It does not have a conscious goal which people are trying to reach through collective action, as is true in the case of the specific social movements. Nor does it represent the release of excitement and tension generated in a dancing crowd situation.
   [C]It does not build up a social organization: it does not build up morale and require an ideology: it has no personnel or functionaries: it does not develop a division of labor among its participants with each being assigned a given status: it does not construct a set of symbols, myths, values, philosophy, or set of practices, and in this sense it does not form a culture: and finally, it does not develop a set of loyalties or form a we-consciousness. The participants are not recruited through agitation. People participate in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.
   [D]As a movement, fashion shows little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in characteristic cycle, it does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken.
   [E]This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However, the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable, by reason of the imitation made by others, and hence it adopts new differentiating criteria, only to be imitated very soon.
   [F]While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners, and in the arts, literature, and philosophy, and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact, it may operate in any field of group life. Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society or in a caste society.
   [G]It is expressive, however, of certain fundamental impulses and tendencies, such as an inclination toward novel experience, a desire of distinction, and an urge to conform fashion is important especially, in providing a means for the expression of developing tastes and dispositions: this feature establishes it as a form of expressive behavior.
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答案E
解析 A项最后两句Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately subjacent to them，who，in turn，are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure．(所以生活在他们下层的社会人物喜欢去模仿他们生活中的外部特征和行为。反过来，这些人又受到更下层社会人物的模仿。)E项开头This process gives to fashion a vertical descent(这个过程使流行时尚垂直地传递下去)与A项联系紧密，因此本题正确答案是E项。
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