首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of【T
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of【T
admin
2017-03-07
30
问题
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs,
which can be arranged in order of【T1】______.【T1】______
Physiological needs: the most【T2】______ ones for survival. They【T2】______
include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way
to【T3】______these needs.【T3】______
【T4】______ needs: needs for a)physical security:【T4】______
b)【T5】______ security.【T5】______
The former means no【T6】______, while the latter is concerned with【T6】______
freedom from【T7】______, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met【T7】______
through a variety of means, e.g. job security,【T8】______ plans, and【T8】______
safe working conditions.
Social needs: human requirements for a)【T9】______:【T9】______
b)a sense of belonging.
There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a)formation of relationships
at workplace:
b)formation of relationships
outside workplace.
Esteem needs: a)self-esteem i.e. one’s sense of achievement
b)esteem of others, i.e. others’ respect as a result
of one’s【T10】______.【T10】______
These needs can be fulfilled by【T11】______, etc.【T11】______
Self-realization needs: needs to realize one’s potential. Ways to
realize these needs are individually【T12】______.【T12】______
Features of the hierarchy of needs:
a)Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively
【T13】______needs.【T13】______
b)Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.
c)【T14】______ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.【T14】______
d)Different levels of needs may【T15】______ when they come【T15】______
into play.
【T15】
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Good morning, everybody. Today’s lecture is about Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This seems like a psychological topic. Actually, it is something psychological. Abraham Maslow is a psychologist, and he’s especially known for his theory of human needs.
OK, first of all, what is a need? Here, we can simply define it as a personal requirement. Maslow believed that humans are "wanting" beings who seek to fulfill a variety of needs. According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an order according to their importance. It is this order that has become known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs. Fundamentally, humans are just one species of animal. We need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological needs are what we require for survival. These needs include food and water, shelter, and sleep. At this level, for us humans, Maslow also includes the need for clothing. How are these needs usually satisfied? It is mainly through adequate wages.
Then, what is the next level of needs? At the next level are safety needs, the things we require for physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand. Everybody needs to keep his body safe from injury, illness, etc. Then, what is emotional security? Well, that’s maybe the point in this hierarchy of needs where humans begin to differ from other animals. We are thinking animals. We have worries. What if I lost my job? What if I were struck down by a severe disease? Besides physical security, we need to think we are safe from misfortunes both now and in the foreseeable future. How can these needs be met then? According to Maslow, safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans, and safe working conditions.
After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediately following levels are the social needs. Under this category, Maslow puts our requirements for love and affection and a sense of belonging. We need to be loved. We need to belong to a group, not just the family, in which we can share with others a common interest. In Maslow’s view, these needs can be satisfied through the work environment and some informal organizations. Certainly, we also need social relationships beyond the workplace, for example, with family and friends.
Next, the level of esteem needs. What are esteem needs then? They include both the need of self-esteem and the need of esteem of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our own achievements and worth. We need to believe that we are successful, we are no worse, if no better, than others. The esteem of others is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, either through work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfy esteem needs include personal achievements.promotion to more responsible jobs, various honors and awards, and other forms of recognition.
What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self-realization needs. In other words, they are the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs to become all that we are capable of being. They are the most difficult needs to satisfy. Whether one can achieve this level or not perhaps determines whether one can be a great man or just an ordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the individual. For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new career after retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realization needs. Well for other people, it could be becoming "the best there is" in certain areas: it could be becoming the President of the IBM. Anyway, being "great" or ordinary is what others think, while self-realization is largely individual.
Maslow suggested that people work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safety needs, and so on up the "needs ladder." In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain unsatisfied. However, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a person’s physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by social needs. But any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role.
OK, that’s the general picture of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, I’ve briefly introduced to you Maslow’s theory. Maslow thinks there are five kinds of human needs, with each one being more important than the preceding one. I hope that you’ve found his ideas interesting.
选项
答案
overlap//meet//mix//co-exist//interact//combine//concur
解析
原文提到,不必等到某一层次的需求完全得到满足,更高层次的需求就已发挥作用。因此这些需求是共同存在的,此处应该填co-exist或其同义词。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/8beMFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
EvaluatingSpeakingSpeakingisacomplexactwithmanydifferentelementsinteractingtoproduceeffectivecommunication,
Accordingtothenewsitem,peoplecangetthefollowinghelpfromtheHIV/AIDScampsEXCEPT
StrategiesforPublicSpeakingWhat’sgreataboutpublicspeakingisthatit’salearnableskill.Assuch,wecanusethef
Accordingtoasurveyonpsychologicalfactorsinpeople’sdecisiontogothroughplasticsurgeries,34.4%ofsurgeryclientsar
Languageacquisitionisoneofthecentraltopicsincognitivescience.Everytheoryofcognitionhastriedtoexplainit.Poss
Anystudentsettingoutonacademiccareerinscienceislikelytobecomeincreasinglyseparatedfromhumanitiesandsociety.Ev
ForMrs.Saxby,theresumeisall-important,becauseit
生活就像一杯红酒,热爱生活的人会从其中品出无穷无尽的美妙。将它握在手中仔细观察,它的暗红色中有血的感觉,那正是生命的痕迹。抿一口留在口中回味,它的甘甜中有一丝苦涩,如人生一般复杂迷离。喝一口下肚,余香沁人心脾,让人终身受益。红酒越陈越美味,生活越丰富越美好
Foryears,nonprofithospitalshaveshiedawayfromquantifyingtheamountofcharitablecaretheyprovidecommunities.Hospit
Managementjargoncanalienatestaffandleavebosseslookinguntrustworthyandweak,accordingtoasurveypublishedonMonday
随机试题
腹部CT扫描前的患者准备工作,与图像的清晰度有关的是
脑梗死临床表现中,不应有的症状或体征是
A.银翘散B.桑菊饮C.麻杏石甘汤D.白虎汤E.竹叶石膏汤吴瑭称作辛凉轻剂的是()
密度为2.6g/cm3的岩石具有10%的孔隙率,其表观密度为:
通过工业自动化仪表对温度、压力、流量、成分等参数的测量和调节,达到()的目的,使锅炉在最安全、经济的条件下运行。
适用于用户装有配电变压器的,且其低压中性点直接接地的220V/380V三相四线配电网的是()。
资产负债表日后发生的涉及损益的调整事项应通过()核算。
“实事求是”思想路线的基本内容有()。
李某系私营企业振兴服装厂的厂长。2012年2月27日,李某因与他人发生经济纠纷而被当地西城区公安分局刑事拘留。3月9日,西城区人民检察院批准将其逮捕。5月17日区检察院提出公诉。9月13日,西城区人民法院经审理认为,检察院以诈骗罪起诉李某证据不足,宣告李某
ThetechnologyoftheNorthAmericancoloniesdidnotdifferstrikinglyfromthatofEurope,butinonerespect,thecolonistse
最新回复
(
0
)