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  3. Cultural globalization, for many, means Westernization or Americanization. An important distinction concerning today’s cultural

Cultural globalization, for many, means Westernization or Americanization. An important distinction concerning today’s cultural

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问题     Cultural globalization, for many, means Westernization or Americanization. An important distinction concerning today’s cultural globalization is that it is largely driven by corporations, rather than countries. As such, one of the central concerns is the spread of consumer culture. For many critics, non-Western culture and practices are at risk of being overwhelmed by homogenizing " Mc-Donaldization".
    Skeptics contend that the erosion of culture has been overstated. They point to evidence that local culture remains strong. Cultural interactions have taken place for centuries so to argue non-Western cultural are somehow pure is naive. In a sense, the cultural degradation argument dismisses the ability of non-Western people to control their destiny and incorporate those attributes they may find useful. What is more, some argue that national identities are founded on real differences that have continued salience.
    Other skeptics point to the growth of ethnic and nationalist movements in the post-Cold War world as evidence that these sources of identity remain strong. Intense interaction may make people more cognizant of difference and lead to conflict. Information technology may, in fact, intensify traditional identities. Cultural globalization involves processes of unequal power, which brings traditions and identities into question. Where ethnic and religious groups feel threatened by globalization, there is the potential for conflict.
    Migration is a significant aspect of globalization that has not only economic but also social and cultural effects. While migration is not unique to the present age, communication and transportation technologies allow migrants a greater opportunity to maintain links with their homelands. More porous borders raise questions about notions of citizenship and identity. While challenges to national identity may come from supranational entities such as the European Union, globalization at the same time may facilitate the triggering of more local, particularistic identities.
    There is some disagreement on where this is all going and whether globalization could come to an end. Clearly the openness and interconnectedness that emerged in the late 1800s was not permanent. The 1930s saw the major powers carving out spheres of influence and blocking out others. From a broader historical perspective, however, that may have been a hiccup. Whereas before the end of the American Civil War it took months to go by ship from one coast of the US to the other. The transcontinental railroad cut the trip to a week by 1870 and today it is a matter of a few hours by plane. There was some discussion after 9.11 whether the need for security would bring an end to the era of globalization. In some areas, such as educational exchanges, there has been an impact. Overall, however, the flow of goods, people, and messages of peace and war continue unabated some five years later. In many respects, therefore, globalization is not going away. The challenge for humanity, then, is to direct these forces in peaceful and beneficial ways.
Skeptics defend their opinion by stating
选项 A、current cultural globalization is not driven by countries.
B、the power of non-Western cultures is underestimated.
C、non-Western cultures are pure.
D、cultural globalization is not a new tendency.
答案B
解析 细节题。题目问的是“怀疑论者通过说明________来辩护自己的观点。”根据第二段的“They point to evidence that local culture remains strong. ”和“In a sense，the cultural degradation argument dismisses the ability of non-Western people to control their destiny and incorporate those attributes they may find useful. ”可知，当地文化仍然强劲，而且从某种意义上说，文化退化的论调忽视了非西方人类控制自己命运和吸收一些有用属性的能力。故选B。
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