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  3. Encouragement and praise can come in many forms, and some ways are better for child development than others. Researchers at the

Encouragement and praise can come in many forms, and some ways are better for child development than others. Researchers at the

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问题     Encouragement and praise can come in many forms, and some ways are better for child development than others. Researchers at the University of Chicago and Stanford University who studied mother-child interactions over the course of several years found that the type of praise children receive affects their attitudes toward challenges later in life.
    Specifically, praise that came with feedback about their behavior and the choices that toddlers made helped them to cope better with difficult experiences five years later, compared with compliments that focused more on the child himself, like "You’re a good boy." The study, which appears in the journal Child Development, is the first major study of praise and childhood development done outside of a lab setting.
    In the study, researches found that the children who grew up with more process praise (comments such as "You worked really hard" or "You’re doing a great job," which emphasize the child’s actions.) were more open to challenge, and were able to identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems. They were also more likely to say that they could improve their intelligence with hard work. While person praise (comments like "You’re so smart" or "You’re so good," which focus on a child’s inherent qualities.) didn’t seem to have any negative effect on the children, the study suggests that process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved, while person praise sends the message that their abilities are fixed and therefore not easily altered.
    "This study is monumental," says Carol Dweck, a co-author of the study and a professor at Stanford University whose earlier research laid the foundation for understanding the role of praise in child development.
    Another revelation from the study involved how praise affects boys and girls differently. Parents gave boys and girls the same amount of praise, but of the encouragement boys received, 24％ was process praise, while girls received only 10％ of this type. Previous research suggested this pattern, but Gunderson, an assistant professor of psychology at Temple University, says she was surprised by how great the difference was. The inequality could have consequences for how girls evaluate their abilities as they progress in school and may play a role in aggravating some of the self-esteem issues that become more common among teens and adolescents.
    The findings send a clear message to parents. "The biggest takeaway is that parent praise matters," Dweck says. "The parents, even when the children are very young, are starting to shape the child’s motivation, the children’s attitudes toward themselves and their stance to the world." Not all praise, it seems, is equal.
Carol Dweck’s attitude toward the study is ________.
选项 A、skeptical
B、positive
C、cautious
D、objective
答案B
解析 根据题干中的人名Carol Dweck可定位到第四段。本题考查的是Carol Dweck对前三段提到的研究持什么态度。从该段中的this study is monumental“该研究是意义重大的”可看出Carol Dweck对该研究的态度是积极的，故B项为正确答案。A项“怀疑的”含贬义，明显与文中的monumental感情色彩不符。如果不懂monumental的含义，可通过其词根monument“纪念碑”来猜测该词不含贬义，由此优先排除A项。C项和D项虽然也含褒义的色彩，但文中并没有内容表明作者的态度是“谨慎的”或者是“客观的”，故C项和D项都不能选。本题的解题关键词是monumental“意义重大的”，即使考生不清楚该词的含义，也可以统观全文。把握文章主旨，揣摩作者意图，从而推断此处必定是引用一个专家的评论，进一步说明该研究的重要意义。
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