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  3. What’s the engine that drives American business? Innovation? Sweat? Capital? Try coffee. From the shop floor to the boardroom, J

What’s the engine that drives American business? Innovation? Sweat? Capital? Try coffee. From the shop floor to the boardroom, J

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问题     What’s the engine that drives American business? Innovation? Sweat? Capital? Try coffee. From the shop floor to the boardroom, Java—and I don’t mean the soft ware—fuels workers and shapes office culture. What’s more, a steaming cup of coffee may be as good for your health as it is for the bottom line.
    Many people take their coffee with a small dose of guilt, worried that it isn’t good for the body. That’s a misunderstanding from studies done in the 1950s and 1960s showing that coffee drinkers were prone to heart disease and other sufferings. These studies failed to account for cigarette smoking, which once went hand in cup with coffee drinking. Since then, the medical community has done a gradual turn on the health effects of coffee.
    Large, long-term studies show that coffee doesn’t promote cancer and may even protect against some types. It’s safe for the heart—so safe that the American Heart Association says it’s OK for heart attack survivors to have a cup or two a day even as they recover in the coronary care unit. Results from the long-running Health Professionals Follow-Up and Nurses’ Health studies show that drinking coffee cuts the risk of dying early from a heart attack or stroke.
    It’s possible that the bean improves productivity, too. A bit of caffeine wakes up millions of workers in the morning. Controlled laboratory experiments indicate that it causes feelings of well-being and increases energy, alertness, and motivation. Functional MRI scans show that coffee activates parts of the brain involved in short-term memory, the kind that helps focus attention on tasks at hand.
    For all that, a word of warning is in order. The average cup of coffee serves up about 100 milligrams of caffeine, and a large specialty coffee can deliver five times that much. If you aren’t used to caffeine, it can make you restless, boost your blood pressure, and dehydrate you. But the biggest health hazard is the extra stuff that drinkers add to coffee. Taken black, coffee is a nearly calorie-free beverage full of antioxidants and other vegetable nutrients. Add cream, sugar, fresh cream, and flavorings, and it turns into a fat- and calorie-laden dessert, which can add pounds that offset any possible health benefits. For most people, though, the health and social benefits of coffee outweigh the hazards, and the daily grind keeps American business spreading.
The studies in the 1950s and 1960s misunderstood coffee because they ________.
选项 A、exaggerated the harmful effects of coffee
B、overlooked other factors of drinking coffee
C、wanted to arouse a sense of guilt in coffee drinkers
D、intended to reduce cigarette smoking in this way
答案B
解析 根据1950s and 1960s定位到文章第二段。该段第二句讲到了咖啡对身体有害只不过是二十世纪五六十年代一系列研究的误解(misunderstanding)，而第三句则表明这些研究没有解释一边喝咖啡一边吸烟的情况，说明它们忽视了吸烟也是影响身体健康的因素，因此B项符合题意。A项“夸大了咖啡的有害影响”不是原因，只是这些研究的结果。第二段开头就提到人们喝咖啡时会略带愧疚感，紧接着第二句就表示That’s a misunderstanding from studies，其中That指代上一句提到的人们感到愧疚感的通常状况，由此可知C项“引起愧疚感”是这些研究结果所带来的后果，而不是其构成原因。D项属于推理过度，文中只是提到一边喝咖啡一边吸烟对健康有害。但并没有借此提出要减少吸烟。
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