首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Happiness and Sadness A)Happiness and sadness are two most basic and familiar feelings for human beings. Recently, people have a
Happiness and Sadness A)Happiness and sadness are two most basic and familiar feelings for human beings. Recently, people have a
admin
2013-11-18
30
问题
Happiness and Sadness
A)Happiness and sadness are two most basic and familiar feelings for human beings. Recently, people have achieved further understanding about them.
Happiness
B)University of Illinois, psychologist Ed Diener, who has studied happiness for a quarter century, was in Scotland recently, explaining to members of Parliament and business leaders the value of increasing traditional measures of a country’s wealth with a national index of happiness. Such an index would measure policies known to increase people’s sense of well-being, such as democratic freedoms, access to health care and the rule of law. C)Eric Wilson tried to get with the program. Urged on by friends, he bought books on how to become happier. He made every effort to smooth out his habitual worried look and wear a sunny smile, since a happy expression can lead to genuinely happy feelings. Wilson, a professor of English at Wake Forest University, took up jogging, reputed to boost the brain’s supply of joyful neurochemicals, and began his conversations with "Great!" and "Wonderful!", the better to exercise his capacity for enthusiasm.
D)However, some scientists are releasing the most-extensive-ever study comparing moderate and extreme levels of happiness, and finding that being happier is not always better. In surveys of 118 519 people from 96 countries, scientists examined how various levels of subjective well-being matched up with income, education, political participation, volunteer activities and close relationships. They also analyzed how different levels of happiness, as reported by college students, correlated with various outcomes. Even allowing for imprecision in people’s self-reported sense of well-being, the results were unambiguous. The highest levels of happiness go along with the most stable, longest and most contented relationships. That is, even a little discontent with your partner can cause you to look around for someone better, until you are at best a serial monogamist(一夫一妻论者)and at worst never in a loving, stable relationship.
E)Nevertheless, "once a moderate level of happiness is achieved, further increases can sometimes be harmful to income, career success, education and political participation", Diener and colleagues write in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science. On a scale from 1 to 10, where 10s is extremely happy, 8s is more successful than 9s and 10s, getting more education and earning more. That probably reflects the fact that people who are somewhat discontented, but not so depressed as to be paralyzed, are more motivated to improve both their own lot(thus driving themselves to acquire more education and seek ever-more-challenging jobs)and the lot of their community(causing them to participate more in civic and political life). In contrast, people at the top of the jolliness charts feel no such urgency. "If you’re totally satisfied with your life and with how things are going in the world," says Diener, "you don’t feel very motivated to work for change. Be wary when people tell you that you should be happier."
Sadness
F)The drawbacks of constant, extreme happiness should not be surprising, since negative emotions evolved for a reason. Fear tips us off to the presence of danger, for instance. Sadness, too, seems to be part of our biological inheritance. Wilson argues that only by experiencing sadness can we experience the fullness of the human condition. He also asserts that "the happy man is a hollow man," but he is hardly the first scholar to see melancholia(忧郁症)as inspiration. A classical Greek text, possibly written by Aristotle, asks, "Why is it that all those who have become outstanding in philosophy or politics or poetry or the arts are clearly melancholic?" Wilson’s answer is that "the blues can be a catalyst(催化剂)for a special kind of genius, a genius for exploring dark boundaries between opposites." The ever-restless, the chronically discontent, are dissatisfied with the status quo, be it in art or literature or politics.
G)For all their familiarity, these arguments are nevertheless being crushed by the happiness movement. Last August, the novelist Mary Gordon lamented to The New York Times that "among writers... what is absolutely not allowable is sadness. People will do anything rather than to acknowledge that they are sad." And, Jess Decourcy Hinds, an English teacher, recounted how, after her father died, friends pressed her to distract herself from her profound sadness and sense of loss. "Why don’t people accept that after a parent’s death, there will be years of grief?" she wrote. "Everyone wants mourners to ’snap out of it’ because observing another’s distress isn’t easy. "
H)It’s hard to say exactly when ordinary Americans, no less than psychiatrists(精神病学家), began insisting that sadness is pathological(病态的). But by the end of the millennium that attitude was well established. In 1999, Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman was revived on Broadway 50 years after its premiere. A reporter asked two psychiatrists to read the script. Their diagnosis: Willy Loman was suffering from clinical depression, a pathological condition that could and should be treated with drugs. Miller was appalled. "Loman is not a depressive," he told The New York Times. "He is weighed down by life. There are social reasons for why he is where he is. " What society once viewed as an appropriate reaction to failed hopes and dashed dreams, it now regards as a psychiatric illness.
I)As NYU’s Wakefield and Allan Horwitz of Rutgers University point out in The Loss of Sadness, this message has its roots in the bible of mental illness, The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Its definition of a "major depressive episode" is remarkably broad. You must experience five not-uncommon symptoms, such as insomnia(失眠), difficulty concentrating and feeling sad or empty, for two weeks; the symptoms must cause distress or impairment, and they cannot be due to the death of a loved one. Anyone meeting these criteria is supposed to be treated.
J)When someone is appropriately sad, friends and colleagues offer support and sympathy. But by labeling appropriate sadness pathological, " we have attached a stigma to being sad," says Wakefield, "with the result that depression tends to elicit hostility and rejection" with an undercurrent of "Get over it; take a pill." The normal range of human emotion is not being tolerated. "We don’t know how drugs react with normal sadness and its functions, such as reconstituting your life out of the pain," says Wakefield. Those psychiatrists also express doubts to medicalise the sadness.
According to a classic book of mental illness, people suffering depression must experience five common symptoms for two weeks.
选项
答案
I
解析
细节辨认题。定位句提到,你必然会在两周里出现五个常见的症状。结合上文可知,题干中的people suffering depression即是原文中的you,题干中的five common symptoms是对原文中five not-uncommon symptoms的同义转述。题干中a classic book是对原文中首句的bible的同义转述。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/6aCFFFFM
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
WhatisCulture?Culture,inanthropology(人类学),thepatternsofbehaviorandthinkingthatpeoplelivinginsocialgroupsle
ThepassagegivesanoverallviewoftheIndustrialRevolutionaroundtheworld.Greatchangestookplaceinthesocialaspect
PollutedwaterisnothingnewintheUnitedStates.Wehavelivedthroughflamingriversandcausticcreaksthatcouldtakethe
A、Heartdiseaseandlungcancer.B、Heartdiseaseandincreasedbloodpressure.C、Increasedbloodpressureandlungcancer.D、Inc
Likeaneedleclimbingupabathroomscale,thenumberkeepsrising.In1991,15%ofAmericanswereobese(肥胖的);by1999,thatpr
A、Acouple’sexperienceasvolunteers.B、TheneedforvolunteersintheThirdWorld.C、Anewpublicemphasisonvolunteering.D、
Itisnotsurprisingthataphilosophyborrowedfrombusinessshouldseeitsprincipalfocuswithineducationasthefurthering
Globalwarmingreferstoanincreaseinglobalsurfacetemperatureresultingfromanincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxide,m
Globalwarmingreferstoanincreaseinglobalsurfacetemperatureresultingfromanincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxide,m
随机试题
患者男,38岁。反复头昏、乏力1年余,偶有尿色加深现象。近日感冒后症状加重,并出现呼吸困难,排酱油色尿,以清晨为重,Hb35g/L,PLT35×109/L,为大细胞正色素性贫血,尿隐血强阳性。该患者最可能的诊断是
A、二陈汤合三子养亲汤B、清金化痰汤C、桑杏汤D、黛蛤散合黄芩泻白散E、三拗汤合止嗽散治疗痰湿蕴肺型咳嗽的代表方剂是
提示上运动神经元损害最有意义的体征是
人民币完全自由兑换的含义是()
一般来说,债券的期限越长,流动性溢价()。
2016年10月27日,我国首艘国产航母完成设计工作,主船体在坞内合拢成型。中国首艘国产航母是我国目前具有军事作用的第()艘航母。
下列各项目中不属于负债要素特征的是()。
甲为一外国人,在其国内娶了中国女留学生乙为妻子,后又娶一越南女子丙为妻。后甲杀乙未遂,被该国警方逮捕,其间还查出甲有抢劫中国游客、伪造中国货币的犯罪行为。对甲的上述行为我国刑法无权管辖的是
函数y=Cx+(其中C是任意常数)对微分方程=x而言,()
A、Onethird.B、Almosttwothirds.C、Morethantwothirds.D、Almosthalf.B文中提到,根据调查,63%的美国成年人没有8个小时的睡眠时间,这8个小时是健康身体、安全和优良工作表现所需要
最新回复
(
0
)