首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Notation gave western music a means of written record, but at first only for a kind of music, chant, that was believed to have o
Notation gave western music a means of written record, but at first only for a kind of music, chant, that was believed to have o
admin
2010-12-21
63
问题
Notation gave western music a means of written record, but at first only for a kind of music, chant, that was believed to have originated half a millennium and more in the past—to be effectively, ageless. Early medieval chants sprang from the whole time of eternal sameness, rhythm. Then measure came. And with it came the first identifiable and precisely datable works.
Where chant was of a piece with other musical traditions in being self-sufficient melody, working within a modal system, belonging to no creator (but to God) and designed for worship, the new music of the twentieth century opened a distinctively western path. The measuring of time was the beginning not only of rhythmic notation— known, far beyond Europe, to the Indian theorist Sarngadeva in the first haft of the thirteenth century—but also of music involving coordination among singers carrying different melodies, of polyphony. This, too, was by no means confined to the wedge of land between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic: the gamelan music of Bali, a tradition independent of Europe, is comparable with early western polyphony in its superposition of different time streams, fast and slow, while the music of many sub- Saharan African peoples often piles up dissimilar rhythmic layers in ways foreign to Europe outside certain special repertories(fourteenth-century song and some music since 1950). But, from the twelfth century to the fifteenth, polyphony in the west gradually moved away from the repetitive structures that were retained on Bali or in central Africa as Europeans discovered how harmony could result in continuous flow.
The source, as of so much in western culture, was a misunderstanding of classical Greek knowledge, again acquired through Boethius. He had nothing to say about harmony in the sense of chords, but he conveyed a Geek satisfaction in the primacy of the octave and the fifth, which medieval musicians took as models of consonance (the euphonious combining notes). Just as essential were dissonant combinations, lacking euphony, for these would intensity the need of for consonance. A dissonance placed immediately before a final consonance would produce a firmly conclusive ending—a cadence, such as became an essential of western music. Extending back from the cadence, the forces of harmony, marshaled through relationships between each chord and the next, could amplify the last note. Thus time measured became time decisively having a goal, and music could emulate the progress in every human soul towards eternity.
Music mirrored, too, how time generally was being told. Guido’s staff notation came roughly when water clocks were reintroduced from Byzantium and Islam, enabling monks to know when a service was due from the level reached by water slowly filling a vessel. Thus reading, whether of a chant book or a water gauge, substituted for memory and intuition. Exact synchrony between music and time was lost a little when clockwork mechanisms appeared in the mid—thirteenth century, half a century later than the gear-driven music produced at Notre Dame in Paris. However, the perfection of hour-chiming with hour-chiming capabilities, in the astronomical clock made by Richard Wallingford for St. Albans Abbey (1327-1336), strikingly coincided with the perfection of rhythmic notation that spread from Paris and gave music its own machinery of time lengths.
Choose the most appropriate from the four choices to answer the question or complete the sentence.
Write a summary.Summarize the passage in 4 or 5 sentences.
选项
答案
The passage demonstrated how music evolved together with time measure. Early medieval chants originated half a millennium and more in the past had no measure of time within them. The appearance of rhythmic notation and polyphony marked the beginning of time measure. In fact, the development of music reflected how measure of the time developed.
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/6KwUFFFM
本试题收录于:
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)题库专业硕士分类
0
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
centralandwesternregions
Recordsofinspection
LeavesofGrasswaswrittenby().
ThenovelSonsandLoverswaswrittenby().
OfHumanBondagewaswrittenby().
ThenovelUncleTom’sCabinwaswrittenby().
MobyDickwaswrittenby().
LeavesofGrasswaswrittenby().
随机试题
居民企业所得税纳税人的技术转让所得,不超过500万元的,其税务处理方法是()
废片率的正确计算方法是
下列关于钢铁冶金企业总平面布局的说法中,正确的是()
固定红利模型是评估人员对被评估股票()。
经济学家一般认为,能够产生真实效应的通货膨胀是()通货膨胀。
集团配送是一种典型的规模经营活动,其服务对象是中小型生产企业。
______指个体组织自己的动机、能力、信仰及其活动经验而形成的有关自我的一致性形象。
中医上讲,人们对五味的偏嗜可以测知脏器的偏盛偏衰:好食甘者脾虚,好食辛者肺病,好食酸者肝虚,好食苦者心病。这五个脏器中主气、藏血的分别是:
社会主义道德建设以集体主义为原则的决定性因素包括
(2008下项管)M公司小张负责组织内部的一个系统集成项目。因为组织内部的很多人对该系统及其进展感兴趣,他决定准备一份项目沟通管理计划。准备这一计划的第一步是______。
最新回复
(
0
)