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  3. In the past 35 years, hundreds of millions of Chinese have found productive, if often exhausting, work in the country’s growing

In the past 35 years, hundreds of millions of Chinese have found productive, if often exhausting, work in the country’s growing

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问题     In the past 35 years, hundreds of millions of Chinese have found productive, if often exhausting, work in the country’s growing cities. This extraordinary mobilization of labour is the biggest economic event of the past half-century. The world has seen nothing on such scale before. Will it see anything like it again? The answer lies across the Himalayas in India.
    India is an ancient civilization but a youthful country. Its working-age population is rising by about 12m people a year, even as China’s shrank last year by 3m. Within a decade India will have the biggest potential workforce in the world.
    Optimists look forward to a bumper "demographic dividend" , the result of more workers per dependant and more saving out of income. This combination accounted for perhaps a third of the East Asian miracle. India "has time on its side, literally," boasted one prominent politician, Kamal Nath, in a 2008 book entitled "India’s Century".
    But although India’s dreamers have faith in its youth, the country’s youngest have growing reason to doubt India. The economy raised aspirations that it has subsequently failed to meet. From 2005 to 2007 it grew by about 9% a year. In 2010 it even grew faster than China (if the two economies are measured consistently). But growth has since halved. India’s impressive savings rate, the other side of the demographic dividend, has also slipped. Worryingly, a growing share of household saving is bypassing the financial system altogether, seeking refuge from inflation in gold, bricks and mortar.
    The last time a Congress-led government liberalized the economy in earnest—in 1991—over 40% of today’s Indians had yet to be born. Their anxieties must seem remote to India’s elderly politicians. The average age of cabinet minister is 65. The country has never had a prime minister born in independent India. One man who might buck that trend, Rahul Gandhi, is the son, grandson and the great-grandson of former prime ministers. India is run by gerontocrats (老年统治者) and epigones (子孙): grey hairs and groomed heirs. The apparent indifference of the police to the way young women in particular are treated has underlined the way that old India fails to protect new India.
The underlined phrase "grey hairs and groomed heirs" (Para. 5, Line 6) means ______.
选项 A、old men and young women
B、elderly rulers and their descendants
C、prime ministers and their successors
D、prime ministers and their grandsons
答案B
解析 本题其实不难，但是选项C和D有一定干扰，文中的“grey hairs(灰白的头发)”显然指的是老年人，且指的是上文的“gerontocrats(老年统治者)”，而C和D两项并未提到老年人这一概念，故错误。其实该题的答案就在其前面，因为语义题要特别注意上下文所出现的同义替换。该句中“grey hairs and groomed heirs”=“gerontocrats and epigones”=“elderly rulers and descendants”．虽然出现两个特别难的超纲词，但这两个超纲词在原文中都有中文注解，故降低了该题的难度，答案为选项B。
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