中华民族的传统美德,是中国古代道德文明的精华,具有普遍的和永恒的价值。中国有句古话:“百善孝(filial piety)为先”。意思是说,孝敬父母在各种美德中占第一位。孝,乃是子女对父母或晚辈对长辈的尊敬和感恩。如果一个人都不知道孝敬父母,那么很难想象他会

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问题     中华民族的传统美德,是中国古代道德文明的精华,具有普遍的和永恒的价值。中国有句古话:“百善(filial piety)为先”。意思是说,孝敬父母在各种美德中占第一位。孝,乃是子女对父母或晚辈对长辈的尊敬和感恩。如果一个人都不知道孝敬父母,那么很难想象他会热爱祖国和人民,会为他人的利益贡献自己的力量。古人云:“老吾老,以及人之老;幼吾幼,以及人之幼。”我们应该在全社会形成尊老爱幼的良好风气,这是我们新时代公民的责任。

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答案 Traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, the essence of ancient Chinese moral civilization, are of universal and eternal value. An old Chinese saying goes, "Filial piety is the most important of all virtues.", which means that showing filial love for your parents takes the premier place. Filial piety is the respect and gratitude expressed by the children for their parents or the young people for the elders. If a person doesn’t know how to be filial to his parents, it’s hard to imagine that he could love his motherland and fellow citizens and devote his energy for others’ interests. As the ancient saying goes, "Extend the respect for the aged in one’s family to those of other families. Extend the love of the young ones in one’s family to those of other families." Efforts should be made to create a favorable atmosphere of respecting the old and loving the young in the whole society and it is the responsibility of us new-era citizens.

解析 1.第一句中,“美德”译为virtue,“精华”可译为heart,core,quintessence或essence。句中“是中国……的精华”翻译时可处理为“中华民族的传统美德”的同位语,译为the essence of ancient Chinese moral civilization。
2.第二句中,“百善孝为先”中“善”是“善德、美德”的意思,故可译作virtue;“孝”是“孝顺、孝敬"的意思,可译为filialpiety。
3.第三句中,“占第一位”可译为be number one,take the premier place,take the first priority等。第三句是对第二句谚语的解释,要注意本句翻译应尽量避免与第二句的翻译重复。
4.第六句中再次出现古文,古文翻译要求准确达意,关键字尤为重要。本句中“及”表示“推己及人”,是动词,可用英语的expand,extend或spread解释;第一个“老”和“幼”也是动词,分别表示“尊敬、孝敬”和“关心、爱护”的意思。综合全句考虑,遵循“直译为主,意译为辅”的原则,引文可译为:Extend the respect for the aged in one’s family to those ofother families.Extend the love of the young ones in one’s family to those of other families。
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