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  3. Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw da

Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw da

admin2020-03-17  31
问题     Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.
    Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA Sequences at the GenBank repository (库) , and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects—but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.
    But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to "shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve". Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific "community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.
    Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic (利他的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers— those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often—get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. "I’d much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions," she says. "It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible. "
    Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.  
What do many researchers generally accept?
选项 A、It is imperative to protect scientists’ patents.
B、Repositories are essential to scientific research.
C、Open data sharing is most important to medical science.
D、Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.
答案D
解析 推理题。第一段第二句指出，尽管很多研究者基本上赞成对原始数据的公开访问会加速科学发展，但是大部分人不愿意在网上公布自己的劳动成果。由此可知，大多数研究者认为开放数据共享有益于科学进步，D项与原文意思相符，故答案为D。原文中未提及科学家专利的问题，故排除A项。B项与原文不符，原文主要讨论的是开放数据共享，并不是数据储存库，故排除。C项原文未提及，故排除。
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