首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality component
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality component
admin
2011-03-05
38
问题
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept "sense of trust" is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the child’s satisfying experiences at this early age.
Studies of mentally ill individuals and observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise deprived of love in infancy.
Observations of infants brought up in emotionally unfavorable institutions or moved to hospitals with inadequate facilities for psychological care support these findings. A recent report says that "Infants under 5 months of age who have been in an institution for some time present a well-defined picture. The outstanding features are listlessness, relative immobility, quietness, poor sleep, an appearance of unhappiness, etc." Another investigation of children separated from their mothers at 6 to 12 months and not provided with an adequate substitute comes to much the same conclusion.
Most significant for our present point, these reactions are most likely to occur in children who, up to the time of separation at 6 to 9 months of age, had a happy relation with their mothers, while those whose relations were unhappy are relatively unaffected. It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart. That at this point formerly happy infants should react so badly to separation suggests, indeed, that they had a faith that now has been shattered.
In most primitive societies and in some sections of our own society, the attention accorded infants is more in line with natural processes. Throughout infancy the baby is surrounded by people who are ready to feed it, fondle it, and otherwise comfort it at a moment’s notice. Moreover, these ministrations are given spontaneously and wholeheartedly, and without that element of nervous concern that may characterize the efforts of young mothers made self-conscious and insecure by our scientific age.
We must not exaggerate, however. Most infants in our society too find smiles and comfort. As their own bodies come to be more dependable, there is added to the pleasures of increasing sensory response and motor control the pleasure of the mothers’ encouragement. Then, too, psychologists tell us that mothers create a sense of trust in their children not by the particular techniques they employ but by the sensitiveness with which they respond to the children’s needs and by their overall attitude.
A possible reason that a child having an unhappy relation with his/her mother will not be affected by maternal separation at 6 to 9 months is that ______.
选项
A、the struggle between trusting and mistrusting has reached a climax
B、the child sees himself/herself as being separate from the environment
C、the child’s sense of trust is destroyed
D、no sense of trust has ever developed
答案
D
解析
原文第四段与母亲关系良好但又被分开的6~12个月的婴儿对分离的极度反应是因为they had a faith that now has been shattered,即以前建立的信任被粉碎了,反之可推断那些与母亲关系6~12个月的婴儿不受与母亲分离的影响是因为没有建立信任感。
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/2HlMFFFM
本试题收录于:
A类竞赛(研究生)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
A类竞赛(研究生)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
一名大学生能否成功取决于他努力的程度。(名词性从句)
It’snotalwayseasytodecidewhichsportto【66】t______up.Whenchoosing,itisimportanttorememberthatexcellenceinsport
Somepeoplemaychoosetoliveonwaterforthepleasureandenjoymentofhavingahomethatisdifferentfromthehomesofmost
Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatch
Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.Itappearspeoplewhos
一天只有24小时,而睡眠通常占1/3。【T1】因此,有些人一直在问:能否把睡眠时间利用起来,学个新技能,甚至学一门外语?(makeuseof)换句话说,边睡边学,可能吗?【T2】答案是:既可能,又不可能,关键看“学”指的是什么?(dep
Ifthisisa"Mandelamoment"forAmerica,therewere—perhapsinevitably—fewspecificcluesinBarackObama’svictoryspeechas
TheEUwascreatedintheaftermathoftheSecondWorldWar.Thefirststepsweretofostereconomiccooperation:theidea______
Miningoperationsbytheirverynaturehavemajorimpacts,positiveandnegative,onthelocalareaandonlocalcommunities.Th
随机试题
关于单纯疱疹病毒描述正确的是
A.大黄酸B.大黄素C.大黄酚D.大黄素-8-甲醚E.大黄素-8-葡萄糖苷酸性最强
冲压机是危险性较大的设备,从劳动安全卫生角度看,冲压加工过程的危险有害因素来自机电、噪声、振动等方面。下列冲压机的危险有害因素中,危险性最大的是()。
某物资采购合同履行过程中,由于供应方交付的货物存在严重质量缺陷,采购方拒付贷款,其行为依据的是《合同法》中规定的( )。
注册会计师的独立性包括实质上的独立性和形式上的独立性,相比而言,形式上的独立性更容易监督,因此,形式上的独立性更加重要。()
首席风险官不履行职责的中国证监会及其派出机构可以依照( )对首席风险官采取监管谈话、出具警示函、责令更换等监管措施;情节严重的,认定其为不适当人选。
根据我国《担保法》的规定,抵押人将已抵押的财产转让的,下列行使抵押权的做法中,正确的有()。
传输一幅分辨率为640x480,6.5万色的照片(图像),假设采用数据传输速度为 56Kbps,大约需要(59)秒钟。
下列关于集线器的描述中,正确的是()。
I’vebeenteachingEnglishinBeijingforseveralyears.I’vefoundlifehereisconvenient.Whenyougotostores,【T1】________i
最新回复
(
0
)