首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of im
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of im
admin
2010-06-18
28
问题
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of
human needs, which can be arranged in order of importance.
Physiological needs: the most【1】______ ones for【1】______
survival. They include such needs as food, water, etc.
And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs.
Safety needs: needs for a) physical security;
b)【2】______security. 【2】______
The former means no illness or injury, while the
latter is concerned with freedom from worries, misfortunes,
etc. These needs can be met through a variety of
means, e.g. job security,【3】______ plans, and safe【3】______
working conditions.
【4】______: human requirements for 【4】______
a) love and affection;
b)【5】______ 【5】______
There are two ways to satisfy these needs:
a) formation of relationships at work-
place;
b) formation of relationships outside
workplace.
Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i.e. one’s sense of a-
chievement ;
b) esteem of others, i. e. other’s
respect as a result of one’s【6】______ 【6】______
These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion,
honours, etc. 【7】______: need to realize one’s potential. Ways【7】______
to realize these needs are individually different.
Features of the hierarchy of needs:
a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are ex-
clusively【8】______needs. 【8】______
b) Needs are. satisfied in【9】______from the bet-【9】______
tom up.
c) Motivation for needs comes from the lowest un-
met level.
d) Different levels of needs may【10】______ 【10】______
when they come into play.
【10】
Good morning, everybody. Today’s lecture is about Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This seems like a psychological topic. Actually, it is something psychological. Abraham Maslow is a psychologist, and he’s especially known for his theory of human needs.
OK, first of all, what is a need? Here, we can simply define it as a personal requirement. Maslow believed that humans are "wanting" beings who seek to fulfill a variety of needs. According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an order according to their importance. It is this order that has become known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs. Fundamentally, humans are just one species of animal. We need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological needs are what we require for survival. These needs include food and water, shelter, and sleep. At this level, for us humans, Maslow also includes the need for clothing. How are these needs usually satisfied? It is mainly through adequate wages.
Then, what is the next level of needs? At the next level are safety needs, the things we require for physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand. Everybody needs to keep his body safe from injury illness, etc. Then, what is emotional security? Well, that’s maybe the point in this hierarchy of needs where humans begin to differ from other animals. We are thinking animals. We have worries. What if I lost my job? What if I were struck down by a severe disease? Besides physical security, we need to think we are safe from misfortunes both now and in the foreseeable future. How can these needs be met then? According to Maslow, safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans, and safe working conditions.
After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediately following level are the social needs. Under this category, Maslow puts our requirements for love and affection and a sense of belonging. We need to be loved. We need to belong to a group, not just a family, in which we can share with others a common interest. In Maslow’s view, these needs can be satisfied through the work environment and some informal organizations. Certainly, we also need social relationships beyond the workplace, for example, with family and friends.
Next, the level of esteem needs. What are esteem needs then? They include both the need of self-esteem and the need of esteem of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our own achievements and worth. We need to believe that we are successful, we are no worse, if no better, than others. The esteem of others is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, either through our work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfy esteem needs include personal achievements, promotion to more responsible jobs, various honors and awards, and other forms of recognition.
What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self-realization needs. In other words, they are the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs to become all that we are capable of being. These are the most difficult needs to satisfy. Whether one can achieve this level or not perhaps determines whether one can be a great man or just an ordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the individual. For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new career after retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realization needs. Well for other people, it could be becoming "the best there is" in certain areas; it could be becoming the President of the IBM. Anyway, being "great" or ordinary is what others think, while self-realization is largely individual.
Maslow suggested that people work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safety needs, and so on up the "needs ladder. " In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain unsatisfied. However, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a person’s physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by social needs. But any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role.
OK, that’s the general picture of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, I’ve briefly introduced to you Maslow’s theory. Maslow thinks there are five kinds of human needs, with each one being more important than the preceding one. I hope that you’ve found his ideas interesting, and in our next lecture we’ll mainly discuss the practical implication of his theory.
选项
答案
overlap/meet/mix/concur/co-exist/interact/combine
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://jikaoti.com/ti/2H3YFFFM
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ForquiteafewyearswehavebeentalkingaboutaddictiontotheInternet.Nowweareputtingtogether【C1】______thosestudents
TheArchbishopofCanterbury’sstoryseemedratherextraordinary.Herewasadeeplymoral,responsible,successfulfamilymanwh
It’swidelyknownthatmorethanhalfofallcorporatemergersandacquisitionsendinfailure.Likemanymarriages,theyareof
教授说他最好的教学岁月/职业生涯是(他)35岁到50岁,因为(那段时间)他更倾向于接受新的思想。随着年龄的增长,他变得越来越成熟、(越来越)有担当并(越来越)能感知周围的事物。
Amajorstudyofthegrocery-buyinghabitsofmillionsofAmericansreleasedlatelastyearfoundthatpeopleusingfoodstamps
TheattitudeheldbytheassuredtowardslanguageisTheanxiousareconsideredalessfortunategroupbecause
Justas【1】______isfamousforthetango,soAmerican【1】______iswell-knownforjazz,atypicalAmericaninvention
TwospaceshuttleastronautsscalingtheoutsideoftheInternationalSpaceStationranintosometroubleTuesdaywithamix-up
__________madetheimportantdistinctionbetweenlinguisticcompetenceandlinguisticperformance.
被当做全国性娱乐活动的某一项体育运动可以反映一个民族的特性。在美国,人们喜爱的三项运动是美式足球、棒球和高尔夫球。美式足球,又称橄榄球,是美国人民最喜爱的运动。日前,它已取代了棒球的地位。橄榄球赛主要与对手争夺比赛场地有关。许多比赛的术语都采用军事用语。因
随机试题
A.条件(1)充分,但条件(2)不充分B.条件(2)充分,但条件(1)不充分C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分D.条件(1)充分,条件(2)也充分E.条件(1)和条件(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2)联
Oneinsix.Believeitornot,that’sthenumberofAmericanswhostrugglewithhunger.Tomaketomorrowalittlebetter,Feedin
A.非处方药B.处方药C.现代药D.新药E.传统药只准在经过国家有关部门认定的专业性医药刊物上进行广告宣传的药品是
甲国航空器由于出现故障,在飞经乙国领海上空时对水面上的乙国公民造成了损害,并在飞经公海上空时对丙国公民造成了伤害,该两名受害者均在丁国法院提起了损害赔偿诉讼,依据我国法律,请问应该如何适用法律?()
根据《建设工程价款结算暂行办法》规定,在具备施工条件的前提下,业主应在双方签订合同后的一个月内或不迟于约定的开工日期前的()天内预付工程款。
()是一项由业主提供给承包人用作开工费用的无息款项。
股指期货的投资者应当充分理解并遵循()的原则,承担股指期货交易的履约责任。[2012年9月真题]
内部动机和外部动机决定着学生们是否去持续掌握他们所学的知识,下面有关论述不正确的是()。
深入开展“三讲”教育,主要是()的需要。
Thecontinuouspresentationofscarystoriesaboutglobalwarminginthepopularmediamakesusunnecessarilyfrightened.Evenw
最新回复
(
0
)